{"id":22594,"date":"2017-05-22T11:00:35","date_gmt":"2017-05-22T09:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/?p=22594"},"modified":"2026-04-25T07:34:49","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T05:34:49","slug":"saint-petersbourg-article-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/saint-petersbourg-article-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg &#8211; Article 1: 25\u00b0 d&rsquo;amplitude n\u00e9gative !"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span><div><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 8px;\">Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg<\/span><\/div>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 88px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 25%; text-align: right; vertical-align: top; height: 88px;\">\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/frankcesarlovisolo.bandcamp.com\/track\/primitive-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-51127 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/bandcamp-logotype-color-400-Frank.png\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"322\" height=\"29\" title=\"-\"><\/a><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; vertical-align: middle; height: 88px; text-align: center;\">Suggestion d&rsquo;\u00e9coute : <a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/primitive-ocean\/\">Primitive Ocean<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25%; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; height: 88px;\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"#com\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-15068 size-full alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ComGris.jpg\" alt=\"ComGris\" height=\"20\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ComGris.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ComGris-150x12.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<h5><em><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">20\u00b0 \u00e0 -5\u00b0 en 4 heures<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">De Marseille \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><div class=\"flagallerywraper\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"flagallery flaslider_skin\" id=\"FlaGallery_sc1_200\" style=\"width:1024px;margin:0 auto;\"><script type=\"text\/javascript\">(function(){this['FlaGallery_sc1_200']={'settings':{\"sliderHeightRetio\":\"0.8\",\"sliderPreloaderColor\":\"#ffffff\",\"sliderBgColor\":\"rgb(255, 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src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-003.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-004.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-005.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-006.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-007.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-008.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-009.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-010.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-011.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-012.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-013.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-014.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-015.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-016.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-017.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-018.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/st-petersbourg-art-001\/st-petersbourg-serie-i-019.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><\/noscript><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-22596\" title=\"Singer Cafe - St Petersbourg\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-017-560x373.jpg\" alt=\"Singer Cafe - St Petersbourg\" width=\"461\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-017-560x373.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-017-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-017-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-017-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-017-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-017-301x201.jpg 301w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-017.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-22616\" title=\"Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg - Portrait de Nicolas Gogol en 1840 par Otto Friedrich von M\u00f6ller.\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_1840_Tretyakov_gallery-560x711.jpg\" alt=\"Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg - Portrait de Nicolas Gogol en 1840 par Otto Friedrich von M\u00f6ller.\" width=\"213\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_1840_Tretyakov_gallery-560x711.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_1840_Tretyakov_gallery-768x975.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_1840_Tretyakov_gallery-118x150.jpg 118w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_1840_Tretyakov_gallery-150x191.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/N.Gogol_by_F.Moller_1840_Tretyakov_gallery.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 213px) 100vw, 213px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">\u00ab\u00a0<i>Ici tout est mensonge, tout est r\u00eave, tout est diff\u00e9rent de ce qu&rsquo;il para\u00eet<\/i>.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 15px;\">Nicolas Gogol en\u00a01835 dans <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perspective_Nevski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><i>La Perspective Nevski<\/i><\/a>\u00a0(\u00a0<i>Nouvelles de P\u00e9tersbourg ).<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Ce qui saisit, si on oublie l\u2019\u00e9treinte du froid, c\u2019est l\u2019impression de gigantisme de la cit\u00e9, sa luminosit\u00e9, les rues sont larges et les b\u00e2timents d\u00e9passent rarement les cinq \u00e9tages et les avenues sont spacieuses.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Il y a encore de la neige ci et l\u00e0 il faut bien que la ville nous rappelle sa latitude : 59\u00b0 56\u2032 02\u2033. Au 1<sup>er<\/sup> janvier 2017 le cercle polaire \u00e9tait \u00e0 66\u00b0 33\u2032 46,510\u2009\u00bb, soit une petite distance angulairement cryog\u00e9nique\u2009!<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Les premier pas dans la cit\u00e9 nous ont conduits sur <em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perspective_Nevski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">la\u00a0Perspective Nevski<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>et esp\u00e9rions, pour une mise en bouche P\u00e9tersbourgeoise, atteindre l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amiraut%C3%A9_de_Saint-P%C3%A9tersbourg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Amiraut\u00e9<\/a>\u2026<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Le froid a un peu entam\u00e9, non pas l\u2019enthousiasme, mais l\u2019\u00e9nergie dispens\u00e9e par l\u2019avionique et frugal repas d\u2019altitude\u2009!<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019arriv\u00e9 en face du Caf\u00e9 Singer dans l\u2019ancien immeuble de la compagnie\u00a0 actuellement la <em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-22623 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-019-560x373.jpg\" alt=\"Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg\" width=\"560\" height=\"373\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-019-560x373.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-019-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-019-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-019-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-019-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-019-301x201.jpg 301w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2037\/05\/St-Petersbourg-S\u00e9rie-I-019.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\u00ab\u2009Maison du livre\u2009\u00bb<\/em>, la plus grande librairie de la ville, il fut plus sage pour des m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens de reconsid\u00e9rer rapidement la tenue vestimentaire.<br \/>\nIl est vrai que le claquement de dents ne sied point \u00e0 la concentration touristique et \u00e0 l\u2019admiration du globe au-dessus de la toiture de la magnifique coupole construite entre 1902 et 1904 par l\u2019architecte Pavel Suzor\u2009!<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Un peu comme en 1917, le froid et la faim ont fait leur travail. <\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Cons\u00e9quemment, <i>Montjoie\u2009! Saint-Denis !<\/i>\u00a0 <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Demi-tour et au trot\u2009! Retraite devant <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame-de-Kazan_de_Saint-P%C3%A9tersbourg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cath\u00e9drale Notre-Dame-de-Kazan<\/a> avec une volont\u00e9 toute napol\u00e9onienne.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Le retour se fera le long de la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fontanka\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rivi\u00e8re Fontanka<\/a> bord\u00e9es d\u2019anciennes r\u00e9sidences de la noblesse russe.<br \/>\n\u00c0 l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rossihotels.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">H\u00f4tel Rossi,<\/a> le repas dans l\u2019excellent restaurant, le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tripadvisor.fr\/Restaurant_Review-g298507-d3759486-Reviews-Fiolet-St_Petersburg_Northwestern_District.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fiolet,<\/a> nous requinquera.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Celui-ci jouxte l\u2019h\u00f4tel et je vous le conseille autant pour l\u2019accueil, la carte et le prix\u2009!<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg Saint\u00a0<\/span><a id=\"com\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Commentaire \u2013 Histoire de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Fond\u00e9e en 1703 par Pierre le Grand, Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg s\u2019inscrit d\u2019embl\u00e9e dans un projet politique et symbolique d\u2019envergure : ouvrir la Russie vers l\u2019Europe et affirmer son statut de puissance moderne. \u00c9difi\u00e9e sur les mar\u00e9cages de la Neva, la ville rel\u00e8ve autant de la prouesse technique que de l\u2019acte de volont\u00e9 autocratique. Elle devient capitale de l\u2019Empire russe en 1712, supplantant Moscou, et incarne d\u00e8s lors un espace de rupture avec les traditions m\u00e9di\u00e9vales russes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, la ville se d\u00e9veloppe selon des mod\u00e8les urbanistiques occidentaux, faisant appel \u00e0 des architectes europ\u00e9ens. Sous Catherine II, elle se transforme en un centre intellectuel majeur, marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019influence des Lumi\u00e8res. Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg devient ainsi un foyer culturel o\u00f9 coexistent modernisation politique relative et maintien de l\u2019autocratie.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Le XIXe si\u00e8cle consacre son r\u00f4le de capitale imp\u00e9riale et de laboratoire social. La ville est le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de profondes contradictions : vitrine du pouvoir tsariste, elle est aussi un espace de tensions sociales croissantes, immortalis\u00e9es par des \u00e9crivains comme Fiodor Dosto\u00efevski. L\u2019industrialisation attire une population ouvri\u00e8re importante, contribuant \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e des contestations politiques.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Ces tensions culminent au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle. La ville, rebaptis\u00e9e Petrograd en 1914, est au c\u0153ur des r\u00e9volutions russes de 1917, notamment la R\u00e9volution d&rsquo;Octobre, qui voit la prise du pouvoir par les bolcheviks. Cependant, d\u00e8s 1918, la capitale est transf\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 Moscou, marquant le d\u00e9but d\u2019un relatif d\u00e9clin politique de la ville.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Sous le r\u00e9gime sovi\u00e9tique, devenue Leningrad, la ville acquiert une dimension h\u00e9ro\u00efque, notamment lors du si\u00e8ge de Leningrad (1941-1944) pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, \u00e9pisode tragique qui renforce son statut m\u00e9moriel dans l\u2019histoire russe. Apr\u00e8s la chute de l\u2019URSS en 1991, elle retrouve son nom d\u2019origine, Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg, symbole d\u2019un retour \u00e0 une identit\u00e9 historique et culturelle plus large.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Aujourd\u2019hui, Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg appara\u00eet comme un espace de synth\u00e8se entre h\u00e9ritage imp\u00e9rial, m\u00e9moire sovi\u00e9tique et dynamiques contemporaines. Son histoire refl\u00e8te les tensions constitutives de la Russie elle-m\u00eame : entre ouverture et repli, modernisation et autoritarisme, Europe et sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 nationale.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-section-id=\"kkr8r0\" data-start=\"1338\" data-end=\"1398\"><strong data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1348\">1905<\/strong> : premi\u00e8re r\u00e9volution russe et \u00ab Dimanche rouge \u00bb<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"i5rhds\" data-start=\"1399\" data-end=\"1445\"><strong data-start=\"1401\" data-end=\"1409\">1914<\/strong> : la ville est rebaptis\u00e9e Petrograd<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"19efpz4\" data-start=\"1446\" data-end=\"1556\"><strong data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1456\">1917<\/strong> : r\u00f4le central dans les r\u00e9volutions de F\u00e9vrier et d\u2019Octobre (<span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">R\u00e9volution d&rsquo;Octobre<\/span><\/span>)<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ywblzj\" data-start=\"1557\" data-end=\"1603\"><strong data-start=\"1559\" data-end=\"1567\">1918<\/strong> : transfert de la capitale \u00e0 Moscou<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ywblzj\" data-start=\"1557\" data-end=\"1603\"><strong data-start=\"1768\" data-end=\"1781\">1941-1944<\/strong> : si\u00e8ge de Leningrad, l\u2019un des plus longs et meurtriers de l\u2019histoire<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ywblzj\" data-start=\"1557\" data-end=\"1603\"><strong data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"1910\">1991<\/strong> : chute de l\u2019URSS et retour au nom de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1f3rbzb\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"69\"><strong>Personnages c\u00e9l\u00e8bres li\u00e9s \u00e0 <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"297\">\n<li data-section-id=\"mbmqpo\" data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"185\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Pierre le Grand<\/span><\/span> \u2013 Fondateur de la ville (1703), symbole de la modernisation de la Russie<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"id3dei\" data-start=\"186\" data-end=\"297\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Catherine II<\/span><\/span> \u2013 Imp\u00e9ratrice, grande m\u00e9c\u00e8ne, d\u00e9veloppement culturel au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"299\" data-end=\"326\"><strong data-start=\"299\" data-end=\"324\">Litt\u00e9rature et arts :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"327\" data-end=\"772\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1g1507o\" data-start=\"327\" data-end=\"407\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Alexandre Pouchkine<\/span><\/span> \u2013 P\u00e8re de la litt\u00e9rature russe moderne<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1vvszho\" data-start=\"408\" data-end=\"504\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Fiodor Dosto\u00efevski<\/span><\/span> \u2013 Auteur de <em data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"480\">Crime et Ch\u00e2timent<\/em>, inspir\u00e9 par la ville<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"n8zfxj\" data-start=\"505\" data-end=\"591\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Nicolas Gogol<\/span><\/span> \u2013 Chroniqueur du fantastique p\u00e9tersbourgeois<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"90o2py\" data-start=\"592\" data-end=\"683\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Anna Akhmatova<\/span><\/span> \u2013 Figure majeure de la po\u00e9sie russe du XXe si\u00e8cle<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ks3fws\" data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"772\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Dmitri Chostakovitch<\/span><\/span> \u2013 Compositeur marqu\u00e9 par le si\u00e8ge de Leningrad<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"805\"><strong data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"803\">Politique et r\u00e9volution :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"972\">\n<li data-section-id=\"fxv6gl\" data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"888\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Vladimir L\u00e9nine<\/span><\/span> \u2013 Chef de la R\u00e9volution d\u2019Octobre (1917)<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"3hwpi7\" data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"972\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">L\u00e9on Trotski<\/span><\/span> \u2013 Organisateur militaire de la r\u00e9volution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"1003\"><strong data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"1001\">P\u00e9riode contemporaine :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1121\">\n<li data-section-id=\"py1yn4\" data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1121\"><span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Vladimir Poutine<\/span><\/span> \u2013 N\u00e9 \u00e0 Leningrad (Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg), acteur majeur de la Russie actuelle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1123\" data-end=\"1301\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Cette liste met en \u00e9vidence la diversit\u00e9 des figures associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la ville : dirigeants, \u00e9crivains, artistes et r\u00e9volutionnaires, refl\u00e9tant son r\u00f4le central dans l\u2019histoire russe.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/saint-petersbourg-article-2-ermitage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/saint-petersbourg-article-2-ermitage\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/st-petersbourg-art-3-theatre-mariinsky\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/st-petersbourg-art-3-theatre-mariinsky\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/cathedrale-saint-sauveur-sur-le-sang-verse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/cathedrale-saint-sauveur-sur-le-sang-verse\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1123\" data-end=\"1301\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg Saint\u00a0<\/span><a id=\"com\"><\/a><\/h6>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 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0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f2567708f9b\" checked \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/saint-petersbourg-article-1\/2\/#commentaire-%e2%80%93-histoire-de-saint-petersbourg\" >Commentaire \u2013 Histoire de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/saint-petersbourg-article-1\/2\/#personnages-celebres-lies-a-saint-petersbourg\" >Personnages c\u00e9l\u00e8bres li\u00e9s \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul 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reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":50713,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,1,2108],"tags":[2129,2130,2131,2132,2127,2128,2124,2126,2125,304],"class_list":["post-22594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-photographies","category-tous-les-articles","category-photographies-libertaires","tag-amiraute-de-saint-petersbourg","tag-cathedrale-notre-dame-de-kazan","tag-fontanka","tag-hotel-rossi","tag-nicolas-gogol","tag-perspective-nevski","tag-russie","tag-saint-petersbourg","tag-singer-cafe","tag-voyage"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22594","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22594"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53138,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22594\/revisions\/53138"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}