{"id":13465,"date":"2014-10-31T13:33:10","date_gmt":"2014-10-31T12:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/?page_id=13465"},"modified":"2026-04-08T07:35:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T05:35:29","slug":"vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/","title":{"rendered":"Fabuleux en Sicile:  Vulcanelli di Macalube"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 10<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span><div><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 6px;\">vulcanelli di macalube &#8211; Riserva naturale integrale Macalube di Aragona &#8211; Sicile &#8211; Sicilia &#8211; vulcanelli di macalube &#8211; Riserva naturale integrale Macalube di Aragona &#8211; Sicile &#8211; Sicilia &#8211; vulcanelli di macalube &#8211; Riserva naturale integrale Macalube di Aragona &#8211; Sicile &#8211; Sicilia<\/span><\/div>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 40%; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 16px;\">Suggestion d&rsquo;\u00e9coute : <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/balade-a-herculanum\/\">Balade \u00e0 Herculanum<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frankcesarlovisolo.bandcamp.com\/track\/balade-herculanum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-51221\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/bandcamp-logotype-color-400-FrankV2.png\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"255\" height=\"21\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/bandcamp-logotype-color-400-FrankV2.png 400w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/bandcamp-logotype-color-400-FrankV2-250x21.png 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/bandcamp-logotype-color-400-FrankV2-150x12.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 30%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"#com\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-15068 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ComGris.jpg\" alt=\"ComGris\" width=\"250\" height=\"20\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ComGris.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ComGris-150x12.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8211;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #f7f7f7; width: 100%;\" colspan=\"5\">\n<address style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#vulcanelli\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13468 alignright\" title=\"Vulcanelli di Macalube - lovisolo\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-005-560x839.jpg\" alt=\"Vulcanelli di Macalube - lovisolo\" width=\"139\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-005-560x839.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-005-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-005.jpg 683w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 139px) 100vw, 139px\" \/><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\">\u00ab&#8230;\u00e0 quelques kilom\u00e8tres de la ville [<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aragona\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aragona<\/a>], on rencontre une bizarre colline appel\u00e9e Maccaluba, compos\u00e9e d\u2019argile et de calcaire, et couverte de petits c\u00f4nes de deux \u00e0 trois pieds de haut. On dirait des pustules, une monstrueuse maladie de la nature ; car tous les c\u00f4nes laissent couler de la boue chaude, pareille \u00e0 une affreuse suppuration du sol ; et ils lancent parfois des pierres \u00e0 une grande hauteur, et ils ronflent \u00e9trangement en soufflant des gaz.\u00a0<\/span><\/address>\n<address>\u00a0<\/address>\n<address style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\">Ils semblent grogner, sales, honteux, petits volcans b\u00e2tards et l\u00e9preux, abc\u00e8s crev\u00e9s.\u00bb<\/span><\/address>\n<address style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080; font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"#MaupassantSicile\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Guy de Maupassant &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #008080;\">La Vie errante : Sicile<\/span><\/a>\u00a0( <a href=\"#MaupassantSicile\">lire le texte<\/a> )<\/span><\/address>\n<address><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 20px;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/address>\n<address style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">O\u00f9 l\u2019on comprendra que la description des minuscules volcans de Monsieur de Maupassant ne me donne pas enti\u00e8re satisfaction !<\/span><\/address>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\" colspan=\"5\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><div class=\"flagallerywraper\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"flagallery flaslider_skin\" id=\"FlaGallery_sc1_119\" style=\"width:1024px;margin:0 auto;\"><script type=\"text\/javascript\">(function(){this['FlaGallery_sc1_119']={'settings':{\"sliderHeightRetio\":\"0.8\",\"sliderPreloaderColor\":\"#ffffff\",\"sliderBgColor\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"sliderHeaderFooterBgColor\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"sliderNavigationColor\":\"rgba(82, 82, 82, 0.81)\",\"sliderNavigationIconColor\":\"rgb(255, 255, 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no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-1\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-minis-volcans-015.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-1\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-minis-volcans-016.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-1\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-minis-volcans-017.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><\/noscript><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff; width: 100%;\" colspan=\"5\">\n<address>\n<div id=\"attachment_13478\" style=\"width: 339px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13478\" class=\"wp-image-13478\" title=\"Vulcanelli di Macalube - lovisolo\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/schema-vulcanelli.jpg\" alt=\"Vulcanelli di Macalube - lovisolo\" width=\"329\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/schema-vulcanelli.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/schema-vulcanelli-250x127.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/schema-vulcanelli-150x76.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-13478\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Panneau \u00e0 l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e de la r\u00e9serve<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Contrairement \u00e0 ce qu\u2019\u00e9crit Monsieur de\u00a0Maupassant, la \u00ab\u2009<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riserva_naturale_integrale_Macalube_di_Aragona\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">R\u00e9serve naturelle int\u00e9grale des Macalube d\u2019Aragona<\/a><a href=\"#lien1\">*\u2009<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riserva_naturale_integrale_Macalube_di_Aragona\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00bb<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">n\u2019a rien de sinistre.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nous sommes l\u00e0, sur notre plan\u00e8te, sans y \u00eatre vraiment, \u00e0 contempler un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne naturel pittoresque\u00a0: le volcanisme s\u00e9dimentaire encore nomm\u00e9<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volcan_de_boue\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">volcans de boues<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 6px;\">vulcanelli di macalube &#8211; Riserva naturale integrale Macalube di Aragona &#8211; Sicile &#8211; Sicilia <\/span><\/div>\n<\/address>\n<address><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\">Ces \u00ab\u2009mini-volcans\u2009\u00bb sont la cons\u00e9quence de l\u2019expulsion de gaz (principalement du m\u00e9thane, mais \u00e9galement du dioxyde de carbone et de l\u2019azote) et de boue. <\/span><\/address>\n<address><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\">L\u2019eau est souvent charg\u00e9e en\u00a0min\u00e9raux, qui la rendent acide ou sal\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/span><\/address>\n<address>\u00a0<\/address>\n<address><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lorsque l\u2019eau traverse des zones riches en argile, celles-ci deviennent \u00ab\u2009plastiques\u2009\u00bb et se liqu\u00e9fient. <\/span><\/span><\/address>\n<address><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\">Avec la remont\u00e9e constante des gaz, ce\u00a0mat\u00e9riau fluide est\u00a0progressivement ramen\u00e9 \u00e0 la surface. <\/span><\/address>\n<address><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ces gaz\u00a0qui\u00a0continuent de s\u2019accumuler jusqu\u2019au point o\u00f9 la pression\u00a0trop importante\u00a0provoque une sorte d\u2019\u00e9ruption, qui peut atteindre une hauteur comprise entre 10 et 25\u00a0m\u00e8tres.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/address>\n<address>\u00a0<\/address>\n<address>\u00a0<\/address>\n<address><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\">Lors d\u2019une visite, il conviendra d\u2019\u00eatre prudent\u2026 Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019aspect placide des mini-volcans, ils n\u2019en demeurent pas moins dangereux\u00a0: <\/span><\/address>\n<address><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">voir l\u2019article\u00a0<\/span><strong>\u00ab\u2009<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/it.blastingnews.com\/cronaca\/2014\/09\/esplosione-vulcanelli-maccalube-morti-due-bimbi-ad-aragona-agrigento-rabbia-sul-web-00131328.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Esplosione vulcanelli Maccalube: morti due bimbi ad Aragona (Agrigento)\u2009<\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/it.blastingnews.com\/cronaca\/2014\/09\/esplosione-vulcanelli-maccalube-morti-due-bimbi-ad-aragona-agrigento-rabbia-sul-web-00131328.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00bb<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/address>\n<address>\u00a0<\/address>\n<address><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Les premi\u00e8res descriptions de ces volcans sont dues \u00e0 Platon, Aristote,<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diodore_de_Sicile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Diodorus Siculus<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">et Pline l\u2019ancien.<br \/>\n\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque romaine, les bains de boue ont\u00a0\u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s pour traiter, entre autres, les rhumatismes\u00a0et aussi en cosm\u00e9tologie..<\/span><\/span><\/address>\n<address>\u00a0<\/address>\n<address><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Voir aussi :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9serve_naturelle_int%C3%A9grale_des_Macalube_d%27Aragona\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/address>\n<address><a id=\"lien1\"><\/a><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">*<a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riserva_naturale_integrale_Macalube_di_Aragona\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Riserva naturale integrale Macalube di Aragona<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/address>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 100%;\" colspan=\"5\">\n<address>\u00a0<a id=\"vudenhaut\"><\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"> \u00a0&#8211;<\/span><\/address>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"survol\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 26px;\">Survol<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 22px;\">Je peux survoler les volcans \u00e0 une altitude vertigineuse: un m\u00e8tre quatre-vingt\u2009!<br \/>\nPas besoin d&rsquo;h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re, c&rsquo;est tr\u00e8s \u00e9cologique !<br \/>\nUn pied de nez \u00e0 Yann Arthus-Bertrand !<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 6px;\">vulcanelli di macalube &#8211; Riserva naturale integrale Macalube di Aragona &#8211; Sicile &#8211; Sicilia <\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><div class=\"flagallerywraper\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"flagallery flaslider_skin\" id=\"FlaGallery_sc2_120\" style=\"width:1024px;margin:0 auto;\"><script type=\"text\/javascript\">(function(){this['FlaGallery_sc2_120']={'settings':{\"sliderHeightRetio\":\"0.8\",\"sliderPreloaderColor\":\"#ffffff\",\"sliderBgColor\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"sliderHeaderFooterBgColor\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"sliderNavigationColor\":\"rgba(82, 82, 82, 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src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-2\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-au-dessus-054.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-2\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-au-dessus-055.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-2\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-au-dessus-056.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-2\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-au-dessus-057.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><\/noscript><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 100%;\" colspan=\"5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 100%;\" colspan=\"5\">\n<address><strong><a id=\"vudenhaut2\" name=\"Paysages\"><\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/strong><\/address>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"on-quitte-ce-lieu%e2%80%a6\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 22px;\"><strong>On quitte ce lieu&#8230;<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 22px;\">&#8230;pour continuer le p\u00e9riple Sicilien, un trajet o\u00f9 le gris se m\u00ealera au fauve !<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><div class=\"flagallerywraper\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><div class=\"flagallery flaslider_skin\" id=\"FlaGallery_sc3_121\" style=\"width:1024px;margin:0 auto;\"><script 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src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-011.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-012.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-013.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-014.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-015.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-016.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-017.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-018.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-019.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-020.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-021.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-022.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-023.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-024.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy no-lazyload noLazy\" data-lazy-src=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/flagallery\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-3\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-paysages-025.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><\/noscript><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 100%;\" colspan=\"5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff; width: 100%;\" colspan=\"5\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tourisme-et-vulcanelli-di-macalube\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-13493\" title=\"Vulcanelli di Macalube - lovisolo\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-125-560x373.jpg\" alt=\"Vulcanelli di Macalube - lovisolo\" width=\"379\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-125-560x373.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-125-867x578.jpg 867w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-125-224x150.jpg 224w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-125-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-125.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 379px) 100vw, 379px\" \/><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\">Tourisme et Vulcanelli di\u00a0Macalube\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff007f;\">Une col\u00e8re r\u00e9elle celle-l\u00e0:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<address><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><em>La b\u00eatise de certains touristes\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/address>\n<address><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Je nous f\u00e9licite\u00a0d\u2019\u00eatre venus t\u00f4t sur le site. <\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Bien qu\u2019en plein mois de juillet l\u2019affluence sur le lieu soit bien plus que modeste\u2026 <\/em><\/span><\/span><\/address>\n<address><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Le comportement de certains touristes n\u2019en demeure pas moins imb\u00e9cile\u2009!<\/em><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Il est\u00a0tr\u00e8s facile de concevoir que les petits \u00e9difices d\u2019argile sont d\u00e9licats et, quand l\u2019activit\u00e9 est faible, lents \u00e0 se reconstruire.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/address>\n<address><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-13497\" title=\"Vulcanelli di Macalube - lovisolo\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/IMG_6299-560x641.jpg\" alt=\"Vulcanelli di Macalube - lovisolo\" width=\"288\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/IMG_6299-560x641.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/IMG_6299-131x150.jpg 131w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/IMG_6299.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" \/><\/em><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><br \/>\nLes froides coul\u00e9es d\u2019argile sont joliment sinueuses, cord\u00e9es et ressemblent en miniature aux rivi\u00e8res de laves fluides que l\u2019on rencontre sur le\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K%C4%ABlauea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kilauea<\/a>.<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Il ne faut jamais passer derri\u00e8re un troupeau franco-germanique\u00a0\u00ab\u2009Fashion-\u00e9colo-4&#215;4\u2009\u00bb au pratique de jean-foutre\u2009!<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Tout en \u00e9prouvant leur solidit\u00e9, il est bien s\u00fbr indispensable de signer son passage sur les volcans avec le dessin de la semelle de ses chaussures.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Le soulier arbore g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une marque beaucoup moins \u00e9cologique quant \u00e0 la production de ses produits !\u00a0<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Les visiteurs suivants n\u2019auront sous les yeux que les traces d\u2019un cheptel d\u2019imb\u00e9ciles plus soucieux de l\u2019image qu\u2019ils v\u00e9hiculent que de la beaut\u00e9 du lieu\u2026<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/address>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; width: 100%;\" colspan=\"5\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a id=\"MaupassantSicile\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-13468\" title=\"vulcanelli di macalube - lovisolo\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-005-560x839.jpg\" alt=\"vulcanelli di macalube - lovisolo\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-005-560x839.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-005-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-100714-005.jpg 683w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"la-sicile-1890-quatrieme-chapitre-de-la-vie-errante-guy-de-maupassant-1850-1893\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guy_de_Maupassant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-13480\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/640px-Maupassant_2-560x768.jpg\" alt=\"640px-Maupassant_2\" width=\"292\" height=\"400\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/640px-Maupassant_2-560x768.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/640px-Maupassant_2-109x150.jpg 109w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/640px-Maupassant_2.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">La Sicile (1890)<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\"><br \/>\nQuatri\u00e8me chapitre de La vie errante<\/span><\/span> <em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guy_de_Maupassant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Guy de Maupassant<\/a> (1850-1893)<\/span><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\"><br \/>\nOn est convaincu, en France, que la Sicile est un pays sauvage, difficile et m\u00eame dangereux \u00e0 visiter. De temps en temps, un voyageur, qui passe pour un audacieux, s\u2019aventure jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Palerme, et il revient en d\u00e9clarant que c\u2019est une ville tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressante. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\">Et voil\u00e0 tout. En quoi Palerme et la Sicile tout enti\u00e8re sont-elles int\u00e9ressantes\u00a0? On ne le sait pas au juste chez nous. \u00c0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, il n\u2019y a l\u00e0 qu\u2019une question de mode. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\">Cette \u00eele, perle de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, n\u2019est point au nombre des contr\u00e9es qu\u2019il est d\u2019usage de parcourir, qu\u2019il est de bon go\u00fbt de conna\u00eetre, qui font partie, comme l\u2019Italie, de l\u2019\u00e9ducation d\u2019un homme bien \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\">\u00c0 deux points de vue, cependant, la Sicile devrait attirer les voyageurs, car ses beaut\u00e9s naturelles et ses beaut\u00e9s artistiques sont aussi particuli\u00e8res que remarquables. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\">On sait combien est fertile et mouvement\u00e9e cette terre, qui fut appel\u00e9e le grenier de l\u2019Italie, que tous les peuples envahirent et poss\u00e9d\u00e8rent l\u2019un apr\u00e8s l\u2019autre, tant fut violente leur envie de la poss\u00e9der, qui fit se battre et mourir tant d\u2019hommes, comme une belle fille ardemment d\u00e9sir\u00e9e. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 20px;\">C\u2019est, autant que l\u2019Espagne, le pays des oranges, le sol fleuri dont l\u2019air, au printemps, n\u2019est qu\u2019un parfum\u00a0; et elle allume, chaque soir, au-dessus des mers, le fanal monstrueux de l\u2019Etna, le plus grand volcan d\u2019Europe. Mais ce qui fait d\u2019elle, avant tout, une terre indispensable \u00e0 voir et unique au monde, c\u2019est qu\u2019elle est, d\u2019un bout \u00e0 l\u2019autre, un \u00e9trange et divin mus\u00e9e d\u2019architecture&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/sicile-guy-de-maupassant\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&gt;&gt;&gt;LIRE LA SUITE &#8211; TEXTE COMPLET &gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h6><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><a id=\"com\"><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-51405\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-1024x538.jpg\" alt=\"vulcanelli di macalube\" width=\"500\" height=\"263\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-460x242.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-250x131.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-150x79.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vulcanelli-di-macalube.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><span style=\"color: #cc6600; font-size: 26px;\">Formation des Vulcanelli di Macalube:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8211;<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #cc6600; font-size: 18px;\"><strong>Approche g\u00e9odynamique et physico-s\u00e9dimentaire avanc\u00e9e<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Les <strong>Vulcanelli di Macalube<\/strong> (Aragona, Sicile) constituent un champ actif de <em>mud volcanoes<\/em> froids associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un contexte compressif tardo-orog\u00e9nique dans le secteur sicilien de la <strong>Cha\u00eene Maghr\u00e9bine<\/strong>. Leur activit\u00e9 est contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par des processus coupl\u00e9s de <strong>surpression interstitielle<\/strong>, <strong>diapirisme argileux<\/strong>, <strong>migration de gaz thermog\u00e9nique\/biog\u00e9nique<\/strong>, et <strong>r\u00e9activation de structures tectoniques h\u00e9rit\u00e9es<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>1. Contexte tectono-s\u00e9dimentaire r\u00e9gional<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>La zone se situe dans un domaine <strong>\u00e9pim\u00e9lang\u00e9<\/strong> o\u00f9 affleurent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>des <strong>marnes plioc\u00e8nes et plio-quaternaires<\/strong>, tr\u00e8s riches en smectite (montmorillonite), \u00e0 forte capacit\u00e9 de gonflement ;<\/li>\n<li>des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts marins peu consolid\u00e9s (silts, argiles grises, marnes fossilif\u00e8res) ;<\/li>\n<li>des niveaux profonds contenant des hydrocarbures gazeux (principalement CH\u2084).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L\u2019ensemble est affect\u00e9 par une <strong>tectonique compressive NW\u2013SE<\/strong> h\u00e9rit\u00e9e de la convergence Afrique\u2013Eurasie, entra\u00eenant :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>plis disharmoniques,<\/li>\n<li>zones de cisaillement ductile-ruptile,<\/li>\n<li>r\u00e9seaux de fractures verticales r\u00e9activ\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces discontinuit\u00e9s constituent des <strong>chemins de mont\u00e9e pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels<\/strong> pour les gaz et les fluides surpressuris\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>2. Processus de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de la surpression<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>La surpression interstitielle r\u00e9sulte de plusieurs m\u00e9canismes synergiques :<\/p>\n<h3><strong>a) Compaction m\u00e9canique et retard de d\u00e9shydratation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Les s\u00e9quences argileuses subissent une compaction incompl\u00e8te, conduisant \u00e0 une <strong>sous-compaction<\/strong> locale. La faible perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 (&lt;10\u207b\u2079 m\u00b2) inhibe la dissipation des fluides.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>b) Production de gaz thermog\u00e9nique\/biog\u00e9nique<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00e9gradation thermique de mati\u00e8re organique dans les niveaux plus profonds ;<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e9thanogen\u00e8se microbienne active dans les s\u00e9diments argilo-marneux superficiels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les gaz induisent une <strong>augmentation exponentielle de la pression de pore<\/strong>, pouvant d\u00e9passer la contrainte lithostatique locale (<em>overpressure ratio \u03bb &gt; 0,7<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3><strong>c) Fracturation hydro-fracture (hydrofracturing)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Quand la pression interstitielle exc\u00e8de la contrainte effective minimale (\u03c3\u2019\u2083), les s\u00e9diments se fracturent, initiant des <strong>chemin\u00e9es de d\u00e9compression fluide<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>3. Diapirisme boueux et dynamique de remont\u00e9e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>La mont\u00e9e de la boue se comporte comme un <strong>flux viscoplastique non newtonien<\/strong>, gouvern\u00e9 par une rh\u00e9ologie de type <strong>loi de Herschel\u2013Bulkley<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>contrainte seuil \u03c4\u2080 \u00e9lev\u00e9e,<\/li>\n<li>viscosit\u00e9 apparente d\u00e9pendante du gradient de cisaillement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La boue est un m\u00e9lange triphas\u00e9 (solide + liquide + gaz) dont la densit\u00e9 est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle du s\u00e9diment encaissant, ce qui favorise un <strong>diapirisme gravitaire<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>M\u00e9canismes principaux :<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Conduits verticaux<\/strong> aliment\u00e9s par des pulses de surpression.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chambres boueuses<\/strong> superficielles instables, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant des effondrements circulaires.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cycles \u00e9ruptifs puls\u00e9s<\/strong>, contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par :\n<ul>\n<li>taux de recharge en gaz,<\/li>\n<li>coh\u00e9sion de l\u2019argile,<\/li>\n<li>variations saisonni\u00e8res de saturation en eau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>4. Structures de surface et stratigraphie des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts \u00e9ruptifs pr\u00e9sentent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>c\u00f4nes boueux<\/strong> form\u00e9s par d\u00e9cantation granod\u00e9croissante : argiles tr\u00e8s fines au sommet \u2192 lamine\u0301s silto-argileux en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>crat\u00e8res d\u00e9gazants<\/strong> avec bullage continu de m\u00e9thane ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>fissures polygonales de dessiccation<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>d\u00e9p\u00f4ts massifs \u00e0 structure fluidale<\/strong>, localement inject\u00e9s dans les niveaux encaissants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La signature g\u00e9ochimique montre souvent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CH\u2084 dominant (&gt;90 %),<\/li>\n<li>traces de CO\u2082, N\u2082, H\u2082S,<\/li>\n<li>eaux interstitielles \u00e0 forte salinit\u00e9 (souvent \u00e9vaporitiques), sugg\u00e9rant une source profonde.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>5. Dynamique \u00e9ruptive et instabilit\u00e9s paroxysmales<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Les \u00e9pisodes paroxysmaux se manifestent par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>vidange brutale d\u2019une chambre boueuse<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li><strong>explosions de gaz sous forme de geysers de boue<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>projection de mat\u00e9riaux \u00e0 plusieurs m\u00e8tres,<\/li>\n<li>cr\u00e9ation de d\u00e9pressions effondr\u00e9es (type <em>pockmarks terrestres<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes correspondent \u00e0 des <strong>d\u00e9faillances soudaines de syst\u00e8mes de surpression<\/strong>, analogues aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements document\u00e9s dans les mud volcanoes du Caucase, d\u2019Azerba\u00efdjan, de Trinidad ou du bassin de la mer de Chine m\u00e9ridionale.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>6. Importance scientifique et implications<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Les Vulcanelli di Macalube sont un <strong>site de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/strong> pour l\u2019\u00e9tude :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019<strong>overpressure<\/strong> dans les bassins compressifs ;<\/li>\n<li>de la <strong>migration des gaz fossiles<\/strong> et de leur d\u00e9gazage diffuse ;<\/li>\n<li>de la <strong>rh\u00e9ologie des boues argileuses en contexte surpressuris\u00e9<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n<li>de la dynamique des <strong>syst\u00e8mes diapiriques argileux superficiels<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n<li>de la g\u00e9omorphologie des terrains boueux instables soumis \u00e0 des cycles de fluidisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le site offre une analogie naturelle pour la mod\u00e9lisation des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de <strong>surpression dans les r\u00e9servoirs p\u00e9troliers<\/strong> et des processus de <strong>mud-volcanism<\/strong> dans les marges actives.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Voici quelques <strong>t\u00e9moignages scientifiques r\u00e9cents<\/strong> (2021\u20132025) relatifs aux Vulcanelli di Macalube, ainsi que des r\u00e9sultats de recherche marquants :<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>T\u00e9moignages et r\u00e9sultats scientifiques r\u00e9cents<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Projet INGV-PROMUD : campagne \u201cDEMETRA\u201d (2025)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>En avril 2025, une enqu\u00eate de bruit sismique (seismic noise) a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e \u00e0 Maccalube d\u2019Aragona dans le cadre du projet <strong>INGV-PROMUD<\/strong>, afin de caract\u00e9riser le signal de fond li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 des \u00e9vents et la structure du sous-sol peu profond. (<a title=\"DEMETRA\u2014A Seismic Noise Survey at the Maccalube di Aragona Mud Volcanoes (Southern Italy): Results and Perspectives\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/22\/6975?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MDPI<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Les auteurs ont mesur\u00e9 \u00e0 21 sites avec un tromographe 3 composantes. Ils ont analys\u00e9 des rapports spectres, des courbes HVSR (horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio) et des mod\u00e8les de polarisation. (<a title=\"DEMETRA\u2014A Seismic Noise Survey at the Maccalube di Aragona Mud Volcanoes (Southern Italy): Results and Perspectives\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/22\/6975?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MDPI<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Ils ont identifi\u00e9 des <strong>signaux transitoires<\/strong> dans le bruit de fond susceptibles d\u2019\u00eatre associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de d\u00e9gazage, d\u2019\u00e9mission de boue ou de bullage. (<a title=\"DEMETRA\u2014A Seismic Noise Survey at the Maccalube di Aragona Mud Volcanoes (Southern Italy): Results and Perspectives\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/22\/6975?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MDPI<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Les r\u00e9sultats montrent aussi une <strong>variabilit\u00e9 spatiale<\/strong> des signaux entre zones d\u2019\u00e9vents et zones p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques, ce qui indique des h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9s au niveau du sous-sol. (<a title=\"DEMETRA\u2014A Seismic Noise Survey at the Maccalube di Aragona Mud Volcanoes (Southern Italy): Results and Perspectives\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/22\/6975?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MDPI<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>L\u2019\u00e9tude mentionne qu\u2019un \u201crenversement majeur\u201d (overturning) s\u2019est produit le <strong>30 ao\u00fbt 2025<\/strong>, dans le secteur affect\u00e9 par des \u00e9vents document\u00e9s en 2014. (<a title=\"DEMETRA\u2014A Seismic Noise Survey at the Maccalube di Aragona Mud Volcanoes (Southern Italy): Results and Perspectives\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/22\/6975?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MDPI<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Les auteurs pr\u00e9voient de combiner ces donn\u00e9es sismiques avec des mesures g\u00e9ochimiques, hydrologiques et autres dans le cadre d\u2019un suivi multidisciplinaire : leur but est d\u2019identifier des <strong>signes pr\u00e9curseurs<\/strong> d\u2019\u00e9ruptions plus violentes (\u201cparoxysmales\u201d). (<a title=\"DEMETRA\u2014A Seismic Noise Survey at the Maccalube di Aragona Mud Volcanoes (Southern Italy): Results and Perspectives\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/22\/6975?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MDPI<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires du projet PROMUD (EGU 2025)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Lors de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019EGU (2025), des chercheurs du projet PROMUD ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires : ils ont mis en \u00e9vidence que le <strong>cycle hydrologique<\/strong> (les pr\u00e9cipitations, l\u2019infiltration d\u2019eau) exerce un <strong>contr\u00f4le fort<\/strong> sur le nombre et la distribution des \u00e9vents, ainsi que sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s rh\u00e9ologiques des fluides \u00e9mis (boues, gaz\u2026). (<a title=\"Abstract EGU25-9144\" href=\"https:\/\/meetingorganizer.copernicus.org\/EGU25\/EGU25-9144.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Copernicus Meeting Organizer<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Ce lien entre l\u2019hydrologie superficielle et la dynamique des \u201cvulcanelli\u201d sugg\u00e8re que les variations m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques pourraient influencer la surpression des fluides et potentiellement d\u00e9clencher des phases d\u2019instabilit\u00e9.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9tude sur l\u2019\u00e9valuation des risques (2021)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Dans un article de <em>Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences<\/em> (2021), Gattuso et al. ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 les volcans de boue d\u2019Aragona (Macalube) et de Santa Barbara, en Sicile, dans le but d\u2019\u00e9valuer les risques associ\u00e9s aux \u00e9ruptions paroxysmales. (<a title=\"NHESS - The mud volcanoes at Santa Barbara and Aragona (Sicily, Italy): a contribution to risk assessment\" href=\"https:\/\/nhess.copernicus.org\/articles\/21\/3407\/2021\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NHESS<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Cette \u00e9tude montre que les \u00e9ruptions violentes (avec colonne de boue, eau et gaz) sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019accumulation soudaine de gaz sous-pression (principalement du m\u00e9thane) \u00e0 profondeur. (<a title=\"NHESS - The mud volcanoes at Santa Barbara and Aragona (Sicily, Italy): a contribution to risk assessment\" href=\"https:\/\/nhess.copernicus.org\/articles\/21\/3407\/2021\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NHESS<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Ils notent aussi que la densit\u00e9 de population et les infrastructures autour du site d\u2019Aragona (routes, pipelines, habitations) justifient une <strong>surveillance g\u00e9ologique et civile<\/strong>, car ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes peuvent repr\u00e9senter des risques non n\u00e9gligeables. (<a title=\"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3407\u20133419, 2021\" href=\"https:\/\/nhess.copernicus.org\/articles\/21\/3407\/2021\/nhess-21-3407-2021.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NHESS<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>L\u2019\u00e9tude documente un \u00e9v\u00e9nement tragique : lors du paroxysme de 2014 \u00e0 Macalube, deux enfants sont morts, ce qui souligne le caract\u00e8re potentiellement dangereux de ces \u00e9ruptions m\u00eame s\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un \u00ab volcanisme de boue \u00bb. (<a title=\"NHESS - The mud volcanoes at Santa Barbara and Aragona (Sicily, Italy): a contribution to risk assessment\" href=\"https:\/\/nhess.copernicus.org\/articles\/21\/3407\/2021\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NHESS<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Analyse de ces t\u00e9moignages<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Approche multidisciplinaire<\/strong> : Le fait que le projet PROMUD combine sismologie, g\u00e9ochimie, hydrologie, et surveillance continue montre que la recherche moderne sur les Vulcanelli est tr\u00e8s int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u2014 elle ne se limite plus \u00e0 des observations de surface.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Utilisation du bruit sismique comme marqueur<\/strong> : L\u2019enqu\u00eate DEMETRA montre qu\u2019on peut d\u00e9tecter des signaux faibles dans le bruit de fond sismique qui pourraient servir de <strong>pr\u00e9cursors<\/strong> \u00e0 des \u00e9ruptions plus fortes, ce qui pourrait permettre de mieux anticiper les paroxysmes.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Impact des facteurs hydrologiques<\/strong> : L\u2019influence de la pluie et des variations d\u2019eau souterraine sur l\u2019activit\u00e9 des \u00e9vents sugg\u00e8re que les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques pourraient jouer un r\u00f4le non n\u00e9gligeable dans la modulation de la surpression.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Risque r\u00e9el<\/strong> : Les recherches sur le risque (Gattuso et al.) rappellent que, m\u00eame si les mud-volcanoes comme ceux de Macalube sont \u201cfroids\u201d (pas de magma), ils peuvent \u00eatre dangereux, notamment lors d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements exceptionnels \u2014 la protection civile ne peut pas les n\u00e9gliger.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><strong>Anecdotes authentiques<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h2><strong>Une \u201cpluie d\u2019\u00e9toiles\u201d racont\u00e9e par les voyageurs du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Plusieurs voyageurs et naturalistes du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle d\u00e9crivent avoir assist\u00e9, au cr\u00e9puscule, \u00e0 une sc\u00e8ne \u00e9trange :<br \/>\nlorsque les bulles de m\u00e9thane \u00e9clataient \u00e0 la surface de la boue, de <strong>petites \u00e9tincelles bleut\u00e9es<\/strong> semblaient jaillir bri\u00e8vement.<\/p>\n<p>On sait aujourd\u2019hui qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait probablement de <strong>micro-ignitions fugaces<\/strong> li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 statique des gaz diffusant dans l\u2019air chaud et sec \u2014 un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne rare mais r\u00e9ellement d\u00e9crit \u00e0 Macalube, donnant aux vulcanelli une r\u00e9putation de \u00ab <em>terrain enchant\u00e9<\/em> \u00bb.<br \/>\nLes observateurs de l\u2019\u00e9poque pensaient \u00e0 de la \u00ab poussi\u00e8re lumineuse \u00bb ou \u00e0 des \u00ab feux follets min\u00e9raux \u00bb.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 6px;\">vulcanelli di macalube &#8211; Riserva naturale integrale Macalube di Aragona &#8211; Sicile &#8211; Sicilia <\/span><\/div>\n<p><strong>Le paysage qui \u201cchange de place\u201d d\u2019un jour \u00e0 l\u2019autre<\/strong>Les habitants d\u2019Aragona racontent depuis longtemps que les Macalube sont un lieu o\u00f9 <strong>le sol ne reste jamais le m\u00eame<\/strong>.<br \/>\nCertains bergers \u00e9vitaient la zone car, au retour d\u2019une journ\u00e9e de p\u00e2ture, ils affirmaient retrouver :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>un <strong>c\u00f4ne enti\u00e8rement disparu<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>un <strong>crat\u00e8re nouveau<\/strong> o\u00f9 le terrain \u00e9tait plat la veille,<\/li>\n<li>ou encore des fissures fra\u00eeches s\u2019\u00e9tendant sur plusieurs m\u00e8tres.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces changements rapides impressionnaient au point que les anciens appelaient l\u2019endroit <em>\u201ca terra ca s\u2019ammuccia e s\u2019ammustra\u201d<\/em> \u2014 \u00ab la terre qui se cache et se montre \u00bb.<br \/>\nAujourd\u2019hui, la science explique que de tels changements peuvent se produire en quelques heures en raison des variations de surpression, de la fluidisation des argiles et de l\u2019effondrement des chambres boueuses.<span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 6px;\">vulcanelli di macalube &#8211; Riserva naturale integrale Macalube di Aragona &#8211; Sicile &#8211; Sicilia <\/span>&#8212;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0dad9446bc\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0dad9446bc\" checked \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/#survol\" >Survol<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/#on-quitte-ce-lieu%e2%80%a6\" >On quitte ce lieu&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/#tourisme-et-vulcanelli-di-macalube\" >Tourisme et Vulcanelli di\u00a0Macalube\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/#la-sicile-1890-quatrieme-chapitre-de-la-vie-errante-guy-de-maupassant-1850-1893\" >La Sicile (1890) \n  \nQuatri\u00e8me chapitre de La vie errante Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/#%e2%80%a6\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#1-contexte-tectono-sedimentaire-regional\" >1. Contexte tectono-s\u00e9dimentaire r\u00e9gional<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#2-processus-de-generation-de-la-surpression\" >2. Processus de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de la surpression<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#a-compaction-mecanique-et-retard-de-deshydratation\" >a) Compaction m\u00e9canique et retard de d\u00e9shydratation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#b-production-de-gaz-thermogeniquebiogenique\" >b) Production de gaz thermog\u00e9nique\/biog\u00e9nique<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#c-fracturation-hydro-fracture-hydrofracturing\" >c) Fracturation hydro-fracture (hydrofracturing)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#3-diapirisme-boueux-et-dynamique-de-remontee\" >3. Diapirisme boueux et dynamique de remont\u00e9e<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#mecanismes-principaux\" >M\u00e9canismes principaux :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#4-structures-de-surface-et-stratigraphie-des-depots\" >4. Structures de surface et stratigraphie des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#5-dynamique-eruptive-et-instabilites-paroxysmales\" >5. Dynamique \u00e9ruptive et instabilit\u00e9s paroxysmales<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#6-importance-scientifique-et-implications\" >6. Importance scientifique et implications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#temoignages-et-resultats-scientifiques-recents\" >T\u00e9moignages et r\u00e9sultats scientifiques r\u00e9cents<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#analyse-de-ces-temoignages\" >Analyse de ces t\u00e9moignages<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#anecdotes-authentiques\" >Anecdotes authentiques<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/2\/#une-%e2%80%9cpluie-detoiles%e2%80%9d-racontee-par-les-voyageurs-du-xix%e1%b5%89-siecle\" >Une \u201cpluie d\u2019\u00e9toiles\u201d racont\u00e9e par les voyageurs du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 10<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>\u2026 <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vulcanelli-di-macalube-sicile\/\">Suite &#8211; Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":51405,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,16,2198],"tags":[1358,1357,742,1359,1354,1352,1361,1355,1353,1356],"class_list":["post-13465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tous-les-articles","category-photographies","category-italie","tag-agrigento","tag-aragona","tag-guy-de-maupassant","tag-kilauea","tag-la-vie-errante","tag-maccaluba","tag-maccalube","tag-reserve-naturelle-integrale-des-macalube-daragona","tag-sicile","tag-volcans-de-boues"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13465"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51407,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13465\/revisions\/51407"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}