{"id":21247,"date":"2016-07-22T17:23:32","date_gmt":"2016-07-22T15:23:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/?p=21247"},"modified":"2025-10-16T09:40:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T07:40:50","slug":"synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/","title":{"rendered":"La Synth\u00e8se Sonore"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 26<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span><div><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8px;\">Synth\u00e8se sonore Synth\u00e8se sonore Synth\u00e8se sonore Synth\u00e8se sonore<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 2848px;\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 86px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; vertical-align: top; height: 86px;\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"histoire-en-raccourci-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93notes-techniques\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Histoire en raccourci.<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/span><a href=\"#NT01\"><strong>Notes Techniques<\/strong><\/a><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: right; height: 86px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"#com\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-15068 size-full alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ComVert.jpg\" alt=\"Aphorismes\" width=\"250\" height=\"20\" title=\"-\"><\/a><\/span><a id=\"RT\"><\/a><span style=\"color: #ffcc00;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 14px;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"#Nota\">Note : a propos des textes &gt;<\/a><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"#Nota\">&gt;&gt;&gt; <\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 658px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; height: 658px;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">L&rsquo;histoire des synth\u00e9tiseurs a commenc\u00e9 il y a assez\u00a0longtemps.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"le-denis-dor%e2%80%a6\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denis_d%27or\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Le Denis D&rsquo;or<\/a>&#8230;<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">&#8230;serait peut-\u00eatre le<span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">\u00a0premier \u00a0<\/span><a title=\"Instrument de musique\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Musical_instrument\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">instrument de <\/span><span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">musique<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00e9lectrique<span class=\"goog-text-highlight\"> dans l&rsquo;<\/span><span class=\"goog-text-highlight\">histoire.\u00a0Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 invent\u00e9 et construit par le th\u00e9ologien tch\u00e8que <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"V\u00e1clav Prokop Divis\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%A1clav_Prokop_Divis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">V\u00e1clav Prokop Divi\u0161<\/a> passionn\u00e9 \u00e9lectricit\u00e9.\u00a0La premi\u00e8re mention \u00e9crite du Denis d&rsquo;or date de 1753 mais serait peut-\u00eatre ant\u00e9rieure (vers 1748). Ses exp\u00e9riences \u00e9taient\u00a0bas\u00e9es sur l&rsquo;excitation \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique des cordes de piano.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20787 \" title=\"Jan_Vil\u00edmek_-_Prokop_Divi\u0161 - aphorismes\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Jan_Vil\u00edmek_-_Prokop_Divi\u0161-560x719.jpg\" alt=\"Jan_Vil\u00edmek_-_Prokop_Divi\u0161 - aphorismes\" width=\"259\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Jan_Vil\u00edmek_-_Prokop_Divi\u0161-560x719.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Jan_Vil\u00edmek_-_Prokop_Divi\u0161-117x150.jpg 117w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Jan_Vil\u00edmek_-_Prokop_Divi\u0161-150x193.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Jan_Vil\u00edmek_-_Prokop_Divi\u0161.jpg 570w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\" \/><em>Le Denis d&rsquo;or \u00e9lectrique a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 entre\u00a01730 et 1755 par <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"V\u00e1clav Prokop Divis\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%A1clav_Prokop_Divis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">V\u00e1clav Prokop Divi\u0161<\/a>. Ses dimensions \u00e9taient 5 pieds de long et 3 pieds de largeur, avec 790 cordes. La suspension des nombreuses cordes m\u00e9talliques \u00e9tait beaucoup tr\u00e8s \u00e9labor\u00e9e. Le m\u00e9canisme ing\u00e9nieux, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au point par des calculs math\u00e9matiques \u00e9taient tel que le Denis d&rsquo;or aurait pu imiter les sons d&rsquo;une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8re d&rsquo;autres instruments, y compris les chordophones comme le clavecin, la harpe et le luth et m\u00eame des instruments \u00e0 vent!!! <\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Une plaisanterie \u00e9tait que celui qui jouait de l&rsquo;instrument pouvait recevoir une d\u00e9charge \u00e9lectrique quand l&rsquo;inventeur le voulait.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>(Reallexicon der Musikinstrumente,\u00a0Curt Sachs 1913, p 108)<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Il semble plus probable, l\u2019instrument ayant disparu, que c&rsquo;\u00e9tait l\u00e0 un amusement de cour ou de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cabinet_de_curiosit%C3%A9s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cabinet de curiosit\u00e9s<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Il \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quent \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque\u00a0d\u2019exp\u00e9rimenter avec le public les effets de l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 statique. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Les connaissances ne sont pas suffisantes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque pour l&rsquo;\u00e9laboration d&rsquo;un instrument v\u00e9ritablement \u00e9lectrom\u00e9canique et encore moins \u00e9lectronique.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 441px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; height: 441px;\" colspan=\"2\">Ensuite ce fut<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"le-clavecin-electrique-de-jean-baptiste-delaborde-france-1759\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clavecin_%C3%A9lectrique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Le Clavecin \u00c9lectrique<\/a>\u00a0de <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Baptiste_Thillaie_Delaborde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jean-Baptiste Delaborde<\/a>, France. 1759.<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_20789\" style=\"width: 501px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20789\" class=\"wp-image-20789\" title=\"Synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ce-560x321.jpg\" alt=\"Clavecin \u00e9lectrique Synth\u00e8se sonore\" width=\"491\" height=\"282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ce-560x321.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ce-768x441.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ce-250x143.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ce-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ce.jpg 1009w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20789\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clavecin \u00e9lectrique<\/p><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20790\" title=\"Synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/125179_640.jpg\" alt=\"Synth\u00e8se sonore\" width=\"187\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/125179_640.jpg 382w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/125179_640-90x150.jpg 90w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/125179_640-150x251.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 187px) 100vw, 187px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Malgr\u00e9 son nom Le Clavecin \u00c9lectrique n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas un instrument \u00e0 cordes, mais un instrument \u00e0 clavier de type carillon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Il utilisait une charge d&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 statique (fourni par une <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bouteille_de_Leyde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bouteille de Leyde<\/a>, une forme pr\u00e9coce du condensateur invent\u00e9 par le scientifique hollandais Pieter van Musschenbroek de Leyde vers 1745) pour faire vibrer le m\u00e9tal cloches en activant un percuteur \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 statique&#8230;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&lt;&lt;&lt; Clavecin Electrique \u00e0 la Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France &#8211; Paris<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 412px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; height: 412px;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the-musical-telegraph-en-1877\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/the-musical-telegraphelisha-greyusa1876\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Musical Telegraph<\/a>\u00a0en 1877<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20785 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Portrait_elisha_gray.jpg\" alt=\"Elisha Gray\" width=\"152\" height=\"206\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Portrait_elisha_gray.jpg 290w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Portrait_elisha_gray-111x150.jpg 111w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Portrait_elisha_gray-150x203.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 152px) 100vw, 152px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20784\" style=\"width: 644px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20784\" class=\"wp-image-20784 size-full\" title=\"Synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Elisha-Gray-Musical-Telegraph.jpg\" alt=\"Elisha Gray - Le T\u00e9l\u00e9graphe Musical Synth\u00e8se sonore\" width=\"634\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Elisha-Gray-Musical-Telegraph.jpg 634w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Elisha-Gray-Musical-Telegraph-560x436.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Elisha-Gray-Musical-Telegraph-193x150.jpg 193w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Elisha-Gray-Musical-Telegraph-150x117.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 634px) 100vw, 634px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20784\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Musical Telegraph<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">En 1876\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elisha_Gray\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elisha Gray<\/a> \u00a0aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 connu comme l\u2019inventeur du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone si <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Graham_Bell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alexander Graham Bell<\/a> n\u2019avait pas d\u00e9pos\u00e9 le brevet une heure avant lui.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h6><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 20px;\">&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Par contre il demeure l&rsquo;inventeur de l&rsquo;anc\u00eatre du synth\u00e9tiseur, bas\u00e9 sur un oscillateur \u00e9lectrique \u00e0 lames vibrantes : \u00ab\u00a0The Musical Telegraph\u00a0\u00bb. Il a utilis\u00e9 des anches en acier dont les oscillations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9es et transmises par des \u00e9lectro-aimants. Gray a \u00e9galement construit un dispositif simple haut-parleur compos\u00e9 d\u2019une membrane vibrant dans un champ magn\u00e9tique afin de rendre l\u2019oscillateur audible. Toutefois le premier brevet reconnu, concernant un haut-parleur \u00e0 bobine mobile fut accord\u00e9 \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Werner_von_Siemens\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Werner von Siemens<\/a>\u00a0en 1877<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 66px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; height: 66px;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<p>Suivront:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 1185px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; height: 1185px;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"le-telharmonium-en-1897\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Le <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telharmonium\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Telharmonium<\/a> en 1897<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786\" class=\"wp-image-20786\" title=\" Telharmonium Synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/guntersmagazine1907-4-1024x1566.png\" alt=\" Telharmonium Synth\u00e8se sonore\" width=\"600\" height=\"917\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/guntersmagazine1907-4-1024x1566.png 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/guntersmagazine1907-4-560x856.png 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/guntersmagazine1907-4-768x1174.png 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/guntersmagazine1907-4-98x150.png 98w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/guntersmagazine1907-4-150x229.png 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/guntersmagazine1907-4.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20786\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Telharmonium<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Une des r\u00e9alisation les plus marquantes sera de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thaddeus_Cahill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thaddeus Cahill<\/a>\u00a0avec son \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telharmonium\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dynamophone\/Telharmonium<\/a>\u201d (1897) \u00e0 roues phoniques anc\u00eatre de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orgue_Hammond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">L&rsquo;Orgue Hammond<\/a>,\u00a0 destin\u00e9 \u00e0 reproduire le son d&rsquo;un orgue. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">C&rsquo;est un d\u00e9fit permanent que\u00a0de reproduire le son de l&rsquo;orgue liturgique. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">les orgues classiques et leur for\u00eat de tuyaux ne sont pas pour tous les budgets et n\u00e9cessite une place importante. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Pour cela on cherche, pour \u00e9quiper les lieux de culte, les moyens de produire de instruments moins encombrants pour un budget bien plus raisonnable que celui de l&rsquo;imposant soufflant.<\/span><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-2\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 20px;\">&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"le-%c2%ab-helmholtz-sound-synthesiser-%c2%bb-en-1905\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Le\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/helmholtz-sound-synthesiser-max-kohl-germany-1905\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Helmholtz Sound Synthesiser<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb en 1905<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<div id=\"attachment_20791\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20791\" class=\"wp-image-20791 size-full\" title=\"Helmholtz Sound Synthesiser - Synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/helmholz-synthesizer-e1411571972103-640x436.png\" alt=\"Helmholtz Sound Synthesiser - Synth\u00e8se sonore\" width=\"640\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/helmholz-synthesizer-e1411571972103-640x436.png 640w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/helmholz-synthesizer-e1411571972103-640x436-560x382.png 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/helmholz-synthesizer-e1411571972103-640x436-220x150.png 220w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/helmholz-synthesizer-e1411571972103-640x436-150x102.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20791\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Helmholtz Sound Synthesiser<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Pour ma part, l&rsquo;une des r\u00e9alisations les plus int\u00e9ressantes du point de vue scientifique est le \u00abHelmholtz Sound Synthesiser<a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/helmholtz-sound-synthesiser-max-kohl-germany-1905\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00bb<\/a>\u00a0construit en 1905 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sil.si.edu\/DigitalCollections\/trade-literature\/scientific-instruments\/CF\/SIsingle-record.cfm?AuthorizedCompany=Max%20Kohl%20(Firm)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Max Kohl AG<\/a>. Il n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u comme un instrument de musique, mais plut\u00f4t comme un outil scientifique. Il est utile pour\u00a0d\u00e9montrer et analyser l&rsquo;effet des harmoniques dans un son complexe. Ce qui\u00a0est\u00a0d\u00e9crit dans le livre r\u00e9volutionnaire de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hermann_von_Helmholtz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz<\/a>\u00a0: \u00ab<em>Th\u00e9orie physiologique de la musique, fond\u00e9e sur l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des sensations auditives\u00bb<\/em>. (<a href=\"http:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/pdf\/thoriephysiolo00helm_bw.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen als physiologische Grundlage f\u00fcr die Theorie der Musik<\/a><i>)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/pdf\/thoriephysiolo00helm_bw.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lire le texte complet \u00a0&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-4\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 20px;\">&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-45294 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Helmholtz-resonator-460x500.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"242\" height=\"263\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Helmholtz-resonator-460x500.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Helmholtz-resonator-768x834.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Helmholtz-resonator-138x150.jpg 138w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Helmholtz-resonator.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px\" \/>Ce dispositif utilise la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9sonance_de_Helmholtz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">r\u00e9sonance de Helmholtz<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">C&rsquo;est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de r\u00e9sonance de l\u2019air dans une cavit\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">La machine utilise des diapasons actionn\u00e9s pare des \u00e9lectroaimants devant des cavit\u00e9s raisonnantes pour produire des sons purs. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Ainsi l&rsquo;addition de plusieurs de ses sons purs vont d\u00e9montrer la nature harmonique des sons complexes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Ce \u00absynth\u00e9tiseur\u00bb fut utilis\u00e9 dans de nombreuse universit\u00e9s pour la recherche scientifique et a certainement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 th\u00e9oriser et \u00e0 \u00e9laborer\u00a0tous les instruments de musique \u00e9lectroniques.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 46.2882%; vertical-align: top;\">\n<table style=\"width: 45%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><div  style=\"display: block; margin: 0px auto;\"  id=\"_ytid_43897\"  width=\"460\" height=\"260\"  data-origwidth=\"460\" data-origheight=\"260\" data-facadesrc=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/A9XLNH8FPd0?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=en&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=1&autohide=2&hl=fr_FR&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__ epyt-facade no-lazyload\" data-vol=\"90\"  data-epautoplay=\"1\" ><img decoding=\"async\" data-spai-excluded=\"true\" class=\"epyt-facade-poster skip-lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Helmholtz Resonator\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/A9XLNH8FPd0\/maxresdefault.jpg\" title=\"-\"><button class=\"epyt-facade-play\" aria-label=\"Play\"><svg data-no-lazy=\"1\" height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ytp-large-play-button-bg\" d=\"M66.52,7.74c-0.78-2.93-2.49-5.41-5.42-6.19C55.79,.13,34,0,34,0S12.21,.13,6.9,1.55 C3.97,2.33,2.27,4.81,1.48,7.74C0.06,13.05,0,24,0,24s0.06,10.95,1.48,16.26c0.78,2.93,2.49,5.41,5.42,6.19 C12.21,47.87,34,48,34,48s21.79-0.13,27.1-1.55c2.93-0.78,4.64-3.26,5.42-6.19C67.94,34.95,68,24,68,24S67.94,13.05,66.52,7.74z\" fill=\"#f00\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45,24 27,14 27,34\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-size: 20px;\"><em>La r\u00e9sonance de Helmholtz&#8230;<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>&#8230;est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de r\u00e9sonance de l\u2019air dans une cavit\u00e9. Le nom provient d\u2019un dispositif cr\u00e9\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1850 par Hermann von Helmholtz afin de d\u00e9terminer la hauteur des diff\u00e9rents tons.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Un exemple de r\u00e9sonance de Helmholtz est la r\u00e9sonance du son cr\u00e9\u00e9 lorsque l\u2019on souffle dans le haut d\u2019une bouteille vide.<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em> Le <a title=\"Hang\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hang<\/a> est une percussion en m\u00e9tal o\u00f9 intervient ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. L&rsquo;<a title=\"Ocarina\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ocarina\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ocarina<\/a>, par exemple, est \u00e9galement b\u00e2ti sur ce principe.<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em> Les r\u00e9sonateurs de Helmholtz sont tr\u00e8s utilis\u00e9s dans les salles pour att\u00e9nuer les fr\u00e9quences m\u00e9diums et ceci depuis l&rsquo;antiquit\u00e9 !<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9sonance_de_Helmholtz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>123<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; vertical-align: top;\" colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Mais tout ceci \u00e0 une fin. Une fin ? Pas tout \u00e0 fait&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 40%; vertical-align: middle;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lee-de-forest-laudion-invention-de-la-triode-en-1906\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lee_De_Forest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lee De Forest<\/a>\u00a0: l&rsquo;Audion invention de la Triode en 1906.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div id=\"attachment_20793\" style=\"width: 416px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20793\" class=\"wp-image-20793\" title=\"Synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/1280px-Triode_tube_1906-560x414.jpg\" alt=\"1280px-Triode_tube_1906 - Synth\u00e8se sonore\" width=\"406\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/1280px-Triode_tube_1906-560x414.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/1280px-Triode_tube_1906-768x567.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/1280px-Triode_tube_1906-1024x756.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/1280px-Triode_tube_1906-203x150.jpg 203w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/1280px-Triode_tube_1906-150x111.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/1280px-Triode_tube_1906.jpg 1052w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20793\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Audion : La lampe triode est le premier dispositif amplificateur d&rsquo;un signal \u00e9lectronique.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Les derniers instruments expos\u00e9s plus haut font partis des instruments <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89lectrom%C3%A9canique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00e9lectrom\u00e9caniques<\/a>, ils\u00a0vont dispara\u00eetre avec l&rsquo;invention du tube \u00e9lectronique, l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Audion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">audion<\/a> la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Triode_(%C3%A9lectronique)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">triode<\/a> invent\u00e9e par\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lee_De_Forest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lee De Forest<\/a>\u00a0en 1906\u00a0avec qui il va \u00eatre bien plus facile de construire des oscillateurs, des amplificateurs et tous les modules utiles \u00e0 la production de sons \u00e9lectroniques.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><br \/>\nLa triode se compose d&rsquo;une <a title=\"Cathode\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cathode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cathode<\/a> semiconductrice \u00e0 chaud, \u00e9mettrice d&rsquo;<a title=\"\u00c9lectron\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89lectron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e9lectrons<\/a>, d&rsquo;une <a title=\"Anode\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anode\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anode<\/a> r\u00e9ceptrice, et d&rsquo;une <a title=\"Grille de contr\u00f4le\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grille_de_contr%C3%B4le\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grille<\/a> plac\u00e9e entre les deux.\u00a0La cathode est chauff\u00e9e par un filament plac\u00e9 derri\u00e8re. (Parfois le filament et la cathode ne forment qu&rsquo;un seul \u00e9l\u00e9ment). <\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div id=\"attachment_20794\" style=\"width: 351px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20794\" class=\"wp-image-20794\" title=\"Synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triody_var-560x399.jpg\" alt=\"Triody_var - Synth\u00e8se sonore\" width=\"341\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triody_var-560x399.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triody_var-768x547.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triody_var-1024x729.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triody_var-211x150.jpg 211w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triody_var-150x107.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triody_var.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20794\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Exemples de triodes depuis 1918 jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 1960<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le chauffage de la cathode conf\u00e8re suffisamment d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie aux \u00e9lectrons de la cathode pour leur permettre de se lib\u00e9rer (on parle\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Thermo\u00efonique\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermo%C3%AFonique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">d&rsquo;\u00e9mission cathodique<\/a>) et de rejoindre un \u00ab\u00a0nuage \u00e9lectronique\u00a0\u00bb dans le vide entourant la cathode appel\u00e9 charge d&rsquo;espace.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<em><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">La cathode poss\u00e8de un <a title=\"Potentiel \u00e9lectrique\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potentiel_%C3%A9lectrique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">potentiel<\/a> (souvent le 0V) plus petit que celui de l&rsquo;anode provoquant la migration des <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20795\" title=\"Triode-aphorismes\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triode-english-text.svg-560x745.png\" alt=\"Triode-aphorismes\" width=\"202\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triode-english-text.svg-560x745.png 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triode-english-text.svg-113x150.png 113w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triode-english-text.svg-150x200.png 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Triode-english-text.svg.png 669w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 202px) 100vw, 202px\" \/><a title=\"\u00c9lectron\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89lectron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e9lectrons<\/a> vers l&rsquo;anode, car les \u00e9lectrons (charge n\u00e9gative) sont attir\u00e9s par les charges positives de l&rsquo;anode.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"-%e2%80%a6\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>En jouant sur le potentiel (<a title=\"Tension \u00e9lectrique\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tension_%C3%A9lectrique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tension<\/a>) de la grille par rapport \u00e0 la cathode, un nombre plus ou moins grand d&rsquo;\u00e9lectrons \u00e9mis par la cathode arriveront jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;anode, cr\u00e9ant un courant variable entre anode et cathode\u00a0: l&rsquo;amplification de puissance est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e car la grille ne consomme pas de courant, c&rsquo;est en th\u00e9orie un potentiel statique.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Triode_(%C3%A9lectronique)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lire la suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; vertical-align: top;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"dans-les-annees-1980-et-jusquen-2000-jai-travaille-sur-lamplification-a-tubes-electroniques%e2%80%a6\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dans les ann\u00e9es 1980 et jusqu&rsquo;en 2000 j&rsquo;ai travaill\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;amplification \u00e0 tubes \u00e9lectroniques&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div id=\"attachment_20805\" style=\"width: 350px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20805\" class=\"wp-image-20805 size-full\" title=\"Synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Pr\u00e9amplificateur-RIAA-\u00e0-tubes..jpg\" alt=\"Frank Lovisolo - Pr\u00e9amplificateur RIAA exp\u00e9rimental \u00e0 tubes \u00e9lectroniques - Synth\u00e8se sonore\" width=\"340\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Pr\u00e9amplificateur-RIAA-\u00e0-tubes..jpg 340w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Pr\u00e9amplificateur-RIAA-\u00e0-tubes.-190x150.jpg 190w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Pr\u00e9amplificateur-RIAA-\u00e0-tubes.-150x118.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20805\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">Frank Lovisolo &#8211; Pr\u00e9amplificateur RIAA \u00e0 tubes exp\u00e9rimental<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">J&rsquo;en reparlerai peut-\u00eatre dans un prochain article o\u00f9 nous tenterons de d\u00e9mystifier le son des lampes et d&rsquo;\u00e9radiquer les l\u00e9gendes !<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">La figure de droite repr\u00e9sente une de mes r\u00e9alisations : \u00a0un pr\u00e9amplificateur \u00e0 Triodes pour les platines de lecture des disques Vinyl <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89galisation_RIAA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">(RIAA)<\/a>.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Bien que les performances \u00e9taient excellentes \u00e0 la mesure, il ne saurait en \u00eatre d&rsquo;autres, la r\u00e9alisation d&rsquo;une machine tout aussi efficace aurait pu \u00eatre con\u00e7ue\u00a0avec des transistors et surtout des circuits int\u00e9gr\u00e9s, le c\u00f4t\u00e9 spectaculaire en moins !<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Des propos que beaucoup n&rsquo;ont pas envie de lire.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Et la temp\u00e9rature de l&rsquo;appareil ? \u00c9cologiquement ce n&rsquo;est pas ce qu&rsquo;il y a de plus \u00e9conomique je dirai m\u00eame plus \u00e9nergivore! Certains auront sans doute confondu la chaleur du son et la calorification des tubes. Les religions en tous endroits sont tenaces !\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Nonobstant, je dois reconna\u00eetre qu&rsquo;il est difficile de r\u00e9sister \u00e0 l&rsquo;esth\u00e9tique\u00a0du myst\u00e9rieux\u00a0rougeoiement d&rsquo;une lampe nimb\u00e9e de\u00a0cette lueur bleue qui semble venir de nulle part.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">A partir de cette \u00e9poque tout s&rsquo;acc\u00e9l\u00e8re, les guerres favorisent\u00a0les technologies et beaucoup les transmissions. <\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">L&rsquo;imagination de la production d&rsquo;instruments \u00e9lectronique\u00a0ne va plus se tarir !<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"> Sans pr\u00e9tention exhaustive, voici une petite liste avec des liens pour les r\u00e9alisations les plus remarquables. En fin d&rsquo;article vous trouverez une mine d&rsquo;information concernant cent-vingt ann\u00e9es de musique \u00e9lectronique, <a href=\"#120years\">un site vraiment complet<\/a>\u00a0mais en Anglais&#8230; Un clic droit sur la souris et hop! la fonction \u00abtraduire\u00bb, ce n&rsquo;est pas tr\u00e8s litt\u00e9raire mais c&rsquo;est mieux que rien!<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1915-the-audion-piano\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/the-audion-pianolee-de-forestusa1915\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1915 : The Audion Piano:<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cest-lapplication-immediate-de-la-triode-de-de-forest-avec-un-veritable-oscillateur-audio\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;application imm\u00e9diate de la triode de De Forest avec un v\u00e9ritable oscillateur audio:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_20808\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20808\" class=\"wp-image-20808 size-full\" title=\"Synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Audion-Piano-1915.png\" alt=\"L'Audion Piano - Vue Artistique -Synth\u00e8se sonore\" width=\"500\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Audion-Piano-1915.png 500w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Audion-Piano-1915-203x150.png 203w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Audion-Piano-1915-150x111.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20808\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L&rsquo;Audion Piano &#8211; Vue Artistique<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-20821 size-full\" title=\"Lee_De_Forest\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Lee_De_Forest.jpg\" alt=\"Lee_De_Forest\" width=\"245\" height=\"341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Lee_De_Forest.jpg 245w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Lee_De_Forest-108x150.jpg 108w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Lee_De_Forest-150x209.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>\u201cSounds resembling a violin, Cello, Woodwind, muted brass and other sounds resembling nothing ever heard from an orchestra or by the human ear up to that time \u2013 of the sort now often heard in nerve racking maniacal cacophonies of a lunatic swing band. Such tones led me to dub my new instrument the \u2018Squawk-a-phone\u2019\u2026<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-5\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>The Pitch of the notes is very easily regulated by changing the capacity or the inductance in the circuits, which can be easily effected by a sliding contact or simply by turning the knob of a condenser.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-6\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>In fact, the pitch of the notes can be changed by merely putting the finger on certain parts of the circuit. In this way very weird and beautiful effects can easily be obtained.\u201d<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em> (Lee De Forest\u2019s Autobiography \u201cThe Father Of Radio\u201d)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h4><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/the-thereminleon-termensoviet-union1922\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20819 alignright\" title=\"Leon Sergeivitch Termen\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/3583.jpg\" alt=\"Leon Sergeivitch Termen\" width=\"229\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/3583.jpg 292w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/3583-110x150.jpg 110w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/3583-150x205.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><\/a><\/h4>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1922-the-%e2%80%98theremin-or-%e2%80%98thereminvox-leon-sergeivitch-termen-russia\"><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/the-thereminleon-termensoviet-union1922\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">1922\u00a0The \u2018Theremin\u2019 or \u2018Thereminvox\u2019. Leon Sergeivitch Termen, Russia.<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le son est produit \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;un signal \u00e9lectrique engendr\u00e9 par un oscillateur h\u00e9t\u00e9rodyne \u00e0 tubes \u00e9lectroniques. Deux signaux de fr\u00e9quences \u00e9lev\u00e9es (l\u2019un fixe \u00e0 170 kHz, l\u2019autre variable entre 168 et 170 kHz) se combinent pour former un battement et fournir un signal audible, entre 20 et 20 000 Hz.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_51038\" style=\"width: 572px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-51038\" class=\"wp-image-51038\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Theramin-Alexandra-Stepanoff-1930.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"562\" height=\"700\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Theramin-Alexandra-Stepanoff-1930.jpg 800w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Theramin-Alexandra-Stepanoff-1930-460x573.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Theramin-Alexandra-Stepanoff-1930-768x957.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Theramin-Alexandra-Stepanoff-1930-120x150.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 562px) 100vw, 562px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-51038\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thereminvox.com\/stories\/people\/alexandra-stepanoff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alexandra Stepanoff<\/a> playing the theremin on NBC Radio<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>L\u2019effet de capacit\u00e9 apport\u00e9 par le corps de l\u2019instrumentiste, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des antennes, affecte la fr\u00e9quence produite, tout comme une personne se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant dans une pi\u00e8ce peut alt\u00e9rer la qualit\u00e9 d\u2019une r\u00e9ception de radio ou de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision. Cette caract\u00e9ristique est mise \u00e0 profit dans le th\u00e9r\u00e9mine, et la combinaison des deux mains, l\u2019une commandant le volume et l\u2019autre la hauteur de la note, permet d\u2019obtenir des effets sonores insolites.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">L\u00e9on Theremin fait la d\u00e9monstration\u00a0du\u00a0Thereminvox (1954)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 50%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><div  style=\"display: block; margin: 0px auto;\"  id=\"_ytid_24874\"  width=\"460\" height=\"260\"  data-origwidth=\"460\" data-origheight=\"260\" data-facadesrc=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/K6KbEnGnymk?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=en&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=1&autohide=2&hl=fr_FR&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__ epyt-facade no-lazyload\" data-vol=\"90\"  data-epautoplay=\"1\" ><img decoding=\"async\" data-spai-excluded=\"true\" class=\"epyt-facade-poster skip-lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"THEREMIN - Over The Rainbow\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/K6KbEnGnymk\/maxresdefault.jpg\" title=\"-\"><button class=\"epyt-facade-play\" aria-label=\"Play\"><svg data-no-lazy=\"1\" height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ytp-large-play-button-bg\" d=\"M66.52,7.74c-0.78-2.93-2.49-5.41-5.42-6.19C55.79,.13,34,0,34,0S12.21,.13,6.9,1.55 C3.97,2.33,2.27,4.81,1.48,7.74C0.06,13.05,0,24,0,24s0.06,10.95,1.48,16.26c0.78,2.93,2.49,5.41,5.42,6.19 C12.21,47.87,34,48,34,48s21.79-0.13,27.1-1.55c2.93-0.78,4.64-3.26,5.42-6.19C67.94,34.95,68,24,68,24S67.94,13.05,66.52,7.74z\" fill=\"#f00\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45,24 27,14 27,34\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-7\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le th\u00e9r\u00e9mine, disposant d\u2019un seul oscillateur, est un instrument monodique. Son timbre, que l\u2019on ne peut modifier, ressemble \u00e0 celui de la voix humaine ou \u00e0 celui de la scie musicale.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A9mine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La suite &gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1928-les-%e2%80%98ondes-martenot-maurice-martenot-france\"><\/span><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/the-ondes-martenotmaurice-martenotfrance1928\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">1928 Les\u00a0\u2018Ondes-Martenot\u2019 Maurice Martenot, France<\/span><\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">L<em>es ondes Martenot sont un instrument de musique \u00e9lectronique, invent\u00e9 par Maurice Martenot et pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au public en 1928. Un joueur d&rsquo;ondes Martenot est appel\u00e9 un ondiste.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>le caporal Martenot, radiot\u00e9l\u00e9graphiste durant la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, d\u00e9couvrit le potentiel musical des ondes \u00e9lectronique produites par les oscillateurs \u00e0 triodes. Maurice Martenot d\u00e9pose le brevet de son invention en 1922 et pr\u00e9sente ses \u00ab\u00a0ondes musicales\u00a0\u00bb au public le 20 avril 1928 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Op\u00e9ra de Paris avec l&rsquo;Orchestre Pasdeloup en ex\u00e9cutant le Po\u00e8me symphonique pour solo d&rsquo;ondes musicales et orchestre que le compositeur franco-grec Dimitrios Levidis avait sp\u00e9cialement \u00e9crit pour lui en 19267. Le succ\u00e8s fut imm\u00e9diat.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20841 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ondes_martenot-01.jpg\" alt=\"ondes_martenot\" width=\"800\" height=\"607\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ondes_martenot-01.jpg 800w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ondes_martenot-01-560x425.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ondes_martenot-01-768x583.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ondes_martenot-01-198x150.jpg 198w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ondes_martenot-01-150x114.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>Des compositeurs comme Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Andr\u00e9 Jolivet et Olivier Messiaen \u00e9crivent imm\u00e9diatement pour les ondes Martenot, symbole d&rsquo;inou\u00ef et de modernit\u00e9, que son inventeur ne cesse d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer jusqu&rsquo;en 1975, ann\u00e9e de la cr\u00e9ation du septi\u00e8me et dernier mod\u00e8le de concert. Le r\u00e9pertoire compte plus de 1 500 \u0153uvres. L&rsquo;instrument est aussi employ\u00e9 dans les musiques populaires, dans les ann\u00e9es 1950 et 1960 ; on peut l&rsquo;entendre par exemple chez des chanteuses telles qu&rsquo;\u00c9dith Piaf ou Catherine Sauvage, et plus significativement chez des chanteurs tels que L\u00e9o Ferr\u00e9 ou Jacques Brel&#8230;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Cet instrument monodique \u00e0 <a title=\"Oscillateur (\u00e9lectronique)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oscillateur_(%C3%A9lectronique)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oscillateur \u00e9lectronique<\/a> se caract\u00e9rise par ses sonorit\u00e9s particuli\u00e8res, dont la plus connue, proche de la <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Sinuso\u00efde\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinuso%C3%AFde\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sinuso\u00efde<\/a>, \u00e9voque des voix \u00ab\u00a0venues d&rsquo;ailleurs\u00a0\u00bb, assez proche de la <a title=\"Scie musicale\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scie_musicale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scie musicale<\/a>, mais pr\u00e9sente bien d&rsquo;autres possibilit\u00e9s, particuli\u00e8rement au niveau de l&rsquo;expression. Il comporte\u00a0:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>un clavier <span title=\"Ce passage n\u00e9cessite des pr\u00e9cisions suppl\u00e9mentaires.\">suspendu<\/span>, dont la transposition agit sur la hauteur du son (sa fr\u00e9quence) et donc le <a title=\"Vibrato\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vibrato\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vibrato<\/a>\u00a0;<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>un ruban parall\u00e8le au clavier, le fil, autorisant les glissandi\u00a0;<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>une touche d&rsquo;expression qui se contr\u00f4le de la main gauche et qui g\u00e8re le volume sonore. Par pression plus ou moins forte, on obtient toutes les variations d&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 allant du pianissimo au fortissimo. Un geste sec sur la touche produit un son percut\u00e9. On peut ais\u00e9ment faire une analogie entre la touche d&rsquo;expression et l&rsquo;archet d&rsquo;un instrument \u00e0 cordes\u00a0;<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>un tiroir avec diff\u00e9rents timbres pour filtrer et modifier le son et procurer des combinaisons\u00a0;<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>des diffuseurs (haut-parleurs transform\u00e9s)\u00a0:<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>principal ou D1\u00a0: haut-parleur standard de grande puissance\u00a0;<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>r\u00e9sonance ou D2\u00a0: haut-parleur r\u00e9verb\u00e9rant, construit par la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rehde.typepad.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Manufacture Rehd\u00e9ko<\/a>, et mont\u00e9 derri\u00e8re des ressorts afin d&rsquo;obtenir une r\u00e9sonance acoustique, une r\u00e9verb\u00e9ration artificielle\u00a0;<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le gong ou D3\u00a0: haut-parleur dont la membrane est remplac\u00e9e par un gong pour cr\u00e9er des sons m\u00e9talliques\u00a0;<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>palme\u00a0: pi\u00e8ce de lutherie sur laquelle sont tendues des cordes m\u00e9talliques, reli\u00e9es au moteur du haut-parleur. Ces vibrations permettent une mise en r\u00e9sonance dite \u00ab\u00a0par sympathie\u00a0\u00bb des diff\u00e9rentes cordes accord\u00e9es tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment.<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table style=\"width: 50%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><div  style=\"display: block; margin: 0px auto;\"  id=\"_ytid_41749\"  width=\"460\" height=\"260\"  data-origwidth=\"460\" data-origheight=\"260\" data-facadesrc=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tjrwEmzdJaI?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=en&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=1&autohide=2&hl=fr_FR&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__ epyt-facade no-lazyload\" data-vol=\"90\"  data-epautoplay=\"1\" ><img decoding=\"async\" data-spai-excluded=\"true\" class=\"epyt-facade-poster skip-lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Thomas Bloch, ondes Martenot plays &quot;Chant d&#039;Atalyante&quot; (Jean Ren\u00e9 Combes)\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/tjrwEmzdJaI\/maxresdefault.jpg\" title=\"-\"><button class=\"epyt-facade-play\" aria-label=\"Play\"><svg data-no-lazy=\"1\" height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ytp-large-play-button-bg\" d=\"M66.52,7.74c-0.78-2.93-2.49-5.41-5.42-6.19C55.79,.13,34,0,34,0S12.21,.13,6.9,1.55 C3.97,2.33,2.27,4.81,1.48,7.74C0.06,13.05,0,24,0,24s0.06,10.95,1.48,16.26c0.78,2.93,2.49,5.41,5.42,6.19 C12.21,47.87,34,48,34,48s21.79-0.13,27.1-1.55c2.93-0.78,4.64-3.26,5.42-6.19C67.94,34.95,68,24,68,24S67.94,13.05,66.52,7.74z\" fill=\"#f00\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45,24 27,14 27,34\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><small>Thomas Bloch joue \u00ab\u00a0Chant d&rsquo;Atalyante\u00a0\u00bb pour ondes Martenot solo\u00a0<\/small><\/em><em><small>de Jean-Ren\u00e9 Combes-Damien<\/small><\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ondes_Martenot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thomasbloch.net\/f_ondes-martenot.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">L&rsquo;Article de Thomas Bloch\u00a0&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%; vertical-align: top;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"-1935-the-%e2%80%98hammond-organ-laurens-hammond-usa\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/the-hammond-organlaurens-hammondusa1935\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00a01935\u00a0The \u2018Hammond Organ\u2019. Laurens Hammond, USA,\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20811\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/640px-Tonewheel-p.svg-560x333.png\" alt=\"640px-Tonewheel-p.svg\" width=\"236\" height=\"140\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/640px-Tonewheel-p.svg-560x333.png 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/640px-Tonewheel-p.svg-250x148.png 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/640px-Tonewheel-p.svg-150x89.png 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/640px-Tonewheel-p.svg.png 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-20814 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ergonomie_B3.jpg\" alt=\"ergonomie_B3\" width=\"575\" height=\"528\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ergonomie_B3.jpg 575w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ergonomie_B3-560x514.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ergonomie_B3-163x150.jpg 163w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/ergonomie_B3-150x138.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le principe de fonctionnement est celui de la roue phonique, bas\u00e9 sur un ensemble de 91 pignons entrain\u00e9s par un moteur \u00e9lectrique alternatif synchrone qui cale sa vitesse de rotation sur la fr\u00e9quence du courant (50 Hz en Europe, 60 Hz aux \u00c9tats-Unis), invent\u00e9e au d\u00e9but du xxe si\u00e8cle pour le telharmonium.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>A droite : capteur Electromagn\u00e9tique &#8211; \u00e0 gauche : roue o\u00f9 chaque pointe symbolise un aimant.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20818 size-full\" title=\"Laurens Hammond\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/laurens_hammond-crop.jpg\" alt=\"Laurens Hammond\" width=\"230\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/laurens_hammond-crop.jpg 230w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/laurens_hammond-crop-123x150.jpg 123w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/laurens_hammond-crop-150x183.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Lesdits pignons ont des nombres de dents diff\u00e9rents. Ils tournent dans le champ magn\u00e9tique \u00e9mis par un aimant. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Une bobine centr\u00e9e sur chaque aimant sert ensuite de capteur pour le champ magn\u00e9tique variable, r\u00e9induit par les roues constitu\u00e9es d&rsquo;un mat\u00e9riau ferromagn\u00e9tique.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-8\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Cette combinaison pignons\/champ-magn\u00e9tique\/capteurs donne le fameux son Hammond. Cet instrument est un orgue \u00e9lectrom\u00e9canique, muni d&rsquo;un amplificateur et non un instrument \u00e9lectronique.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orgue_Hammond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La Suite \u00a0&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\" alignright\" style=\"width: 30%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-21247-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Hammond.mp3?_=1\" \/><source type=\"audio\/ogg\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/LezlieCabinetSequence.ogg?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Hammond.mp3\">https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Hammond.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fichier:LezlieCabinetSequence.ogg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Le Son de l&rsquo;Orgue Hammond<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">L&rsquo;orgue Hammond est un instrument \u00e9lectrom\u00e9canique invent\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1930 par Laurens Hammond. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Il s&rsquo;inspire de l&rsquo;orgue traditionnel et \u00e9tait initialement destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9quiper des \u00e9glises n&rsquo;ayant pas la place ou les moyens financiers pour disposer d&rsquo;un orgue \u00e0 tuyaux.<\/span><\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.positron-libre.com\/electronique\/appareil-ancien\/orgue-electromagnetique-hammond.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.orgue-electromagnetique-hammond.php<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/hammondorgan.wikeo.net\/exploration-du-hammond.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/hammondorgan.wikeo.net\/exploration-du-hammond.html<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hammond_organ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hammond_organ<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_51031\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-51031\" class=\"wp-image-51031 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"800\" height=\"274\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur.jpg 800w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur-460x158.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur-250x86.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur-150x51.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-51031\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">G\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de son complet<\/p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_51032\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-51032\" class=\"wp-image-51032 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur-2.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur-2-460x306.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur-2-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Hammond-Generateur-2-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-51032\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roues phoniques et capteurs \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques<\/p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"attachment_51030\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-51030\" class=\"wp-image-51030 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/img_5210.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/img_5210.jpg 640w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/img_5210-460x345.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/img_5210-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/img_5210-150x113.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-51030\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roue Phonique<\/p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_51034\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-51034\" class=\"wp-image-51034 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1280px-Hammond_Regent_4172-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1280px-Hammond_Regent_4172-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1280px-Hammond_Regent_4172-460x345.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1280px-Hammond_Regent_4172-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1280px-Hammond_Regent_4172-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1280px-Hammond_Regent_4172-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1280px-Hammond_Regent_4172.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-51034\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aeolian Hammond BA player organ with Hammond tone cabinet (1938)<\/p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_51035\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-51035\" class=\"wp-image-51035 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leslie_Speaker.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"800\" height=\"1043\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leslie_Speaker.jpg 800w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leslie_Speaker-460x600.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leslie_Speaker-768x1001.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leslie_Speaker-115x150.jpg 115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-51035\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cabine Leslie &#8211; D\u00e9tails<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1940-the-%e2%80%98voder-%e2%80%98vocoder-homer-dudley-usa\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/the-voder-vocoderhomer-dudleyusa1940\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1940\u00a0The \u2018Voder\u2019 &amp; \u2018Vocoder\u2019 Homer Dudley, USA<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-20817\" title=\"Homer Dudley\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/dudley.png\" alt=\"Homer Dudleyv\" width=\"103\" height=\"116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/dudley.png 199w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/dudley-133x150.png 133w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/dudley-150x169.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 103px) 100vw, 103px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20820 \" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Schematic-Circuit-of-the-VODER-560x321.jpeg\" alt=\"Schematic-Circuit-of-the-VODER\" width=\"476\" height=\"273\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Schematic-Circuit-of-the-VODER-560x321.jpeg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Schematic-Circuit-of-the-VODER-250x143.jpeg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Schematic-Circuit-of-the-VODER-150x86.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Schematic-Circuit-of-the-VODER.jpeg 718w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 476px) 100vw, 476px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le <strong>vocoder<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 imagin\u00e9 par Homer Dudley, ing\u00e9nieur aux <a title=\"Laboratoires Bell\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laboratoires_Bell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bell Laboratories<\/a>, afin d&rsquo;assurer une transmission efficace de la voix dans le cadre du r\u00e9seau t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique am\u00e9ricain en 1939. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 alors sous le nom de voder (Voice Operating DEmonstratoR), il fut pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;exposition universelle de New York la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e. S&rsquo;ensuivra une version am\u00e9lior\u00e9e en 1940, le vocoder.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-9\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Au premier abord, le vocodeur eut peu de succ\u00e8s, car il donnait \u00e0 la voix une texture plut\u00f4t robotique. Il fut toutefois utilis\u00e9 par l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e US dans le premier syst\u00e8me de communication num\u00e9rique SIGSALY qui permettait notamment \u00e0 Franklin Roosevelt et<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Winston Churchill de communiquer par-del\u00e0 l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. En 1945 il est signal\u00e9 par Vannevar Bush dans un article c\u00e9l\u00e8bre deAs we may think qui introduisait la notion de World Wide Web (Memex).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-10\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>En 1948, il en fera une d\u00e9monstration aux studios de la <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"WDR\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WDR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WDR<\/a> pour Werner Meyer-Eppler, directeur de l&rsquo;Institut de phon\u00e9tique \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Bonn.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 50%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><div  style=\"display: block; margin: 0px auto;\"  id=\"_ytid_69690\"  width=\"460\" height=\"260\"  data-origwidth=\"460\" data-origheight=\"260\" data-facadesrc=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5hyI_dM5cGo?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=en&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=1&autohide=2&hl=fr_FR&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__ epyt-facade no-lazyload\" data-vol=\"90\"  data-epautoplay=\"1\" ><img decoding=\"async\" data-spai-excluded=\"true\" class=\"epyt-facade-poster skip-lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The Voder - Homer Dudley (Bell Labs) 1939\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/5hyI_dM5cGo\/maxresdefault.jpg\" title=\"-\"><button class=\"epyt-facade-play\" aria-label=\"Play\"><svg data-no-lazy=\"1\" height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ytp-large-play-button-bg\" d=\"M66.52,7.74c-0.78-2.93-2.49-5.41-5.42-6.19C55.79,.13,34,0,34,0S12.21,.13,6.9,1.55 C3.97,2.33,2.27,4.81,1.48,7.74C0.06,13.05,0,24,0,24s0.06,10.95,1.48,16.26c0.78,2.93,2.49,5.41,5.42,6.19 C12.21,47.87,34,48,34,48s21.79-0.13,27.1-1.55c2.93-0.78,4.64-3.26,5.42-6.19C67.94,34.95,68,24,68,24S67.94,13.05,66.52,7.74z\" fill=\"#f00\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45,24 27,14 27,34\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Ce dernier \u00e9tait fascin\u00e9 par le synth\u00e9tiseur vocal et a employ\u00e9 ce premier vocodeur comme base pour ses \u00e9crits qui sont rapidement devenus la bible du mouvement allemand d\u2019Electronische Musik.<br \/>\nAinsi le vocodeur \u00e9tait pr\u00eat pour \u00eatre adopt\u00e9 comme instrument.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1947-invention-du-transistor-par-les-americains-john-bardeen-william-shockley-et-walter-brattain\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">1947\u00a0Invention du <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transistor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">transistor<\/a>\u00a0par les <a title=\"\u00c9tats-Unis\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89tats-Unis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Am\u00e9ricains<\/a> <a title=\"John Bardeen\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Bardeen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Bardeen<\/a>, <a title=\"William Shockley\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Shockley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Shockley<\/a> et <a title=\"Walter Houser Brattain\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walter_Houser_Brattain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Walter Brattain<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Nouveau grand bouleversement de l\u2019\u00e9lectronique car viendront tr\u00e8s vite les circuits int\u00e9gr\u00e9s permettant de multiplier sur une surface r\u00e9duite le nombre de composants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transistor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20872\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg\" alt=\"Replica-of-first-transistor\" width=\"260\" height=\"233\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg 500w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Replica-of-first-transistor-167x150.jpg 167w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Replica-of-first-transistor-150x134.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-20876\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement-560x445.jpg\" alt=\"t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement\" width=\"200\" height=\"159\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement-560x445.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement-189x150.jpg 189w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement-150x119.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement.jpg 747w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><em>\u00c0 la suite des travaux sur les <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Semi-conducteurs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semi-conducteurs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">semi-conducteurs<\/a>, le transistor a \u00e9t\u00e9 invent\u00e9 le <time class=\"nowrap date-lien\" datetime=\"1947-12-23\">23 d\u00e9cembre 1947<\/time> par les <a title=\"\u00c9tats-Unis\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89tats-Unis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Am\u00e9ricains<\/a> <a title=\"John Bardeen\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Bardeen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Bardeen<\/a>, <a title=\"William Shockley\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Shockley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Shockley<\/a> et <a title=\"Walter Houser Brattain\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walter_Houser_Brattain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Walter Brattain<\/a>, chercheurs des <a title=\"Laboratoires Bell\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laboratoires_Bell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laboratoires Bell<\/a>. Ces chercheurs ont re\u00e7u pour cette invention le prix Nobel de physique en 1956.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a title=\"Herbert Matar\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Matar%C3%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Herbert Matar\u00e9<\/a> et <a class=\"extiw\" title=\"en:Heinrich Welker\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinrich_Welker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heinrich Welker<\/a> (en) d\u00e9veloppent \u00e0 Aulnay-sous-Bois, \u00e0 la CFSW le premier \u00ab\u00a0transistor fran\u00e7ais\u00a0\u00bb r\u00e9ellement op\u00e9rationnel en m\u00eame temps et ind\u00e9pendamment des travaux des chercheurs am\u00e9ricains, entre 1945 et 1948. Ils d\u00e9posent leur premi\u00e8re demande de brevets pour un transistor le 13 ao\u00fbt 1948. Le 18 mai 1949, cette invention europ\u00e9enne est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e au public sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0Transistron\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20875\" style=\"width: 560px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loi_de_Moore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20875\" class=\"wp-image-20875\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Loi_de_Moore-560x389.png\" alt=\"Loi_de_Moore\" width=\"550\" height=\"382\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Loi_de_Moore-560x389.png 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Loi_de_Moore-768x533.png 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Loi_de_Moore-216x150.png 216w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Loi_de_Moore-150x104.png 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Loi_de_Moore.png 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-20875\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Croissance du nombre de transistors dans les microprocesseurs Intel par rapport \u00e0 la loi de Moore<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le transistor est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un \u00e9norme progr\u00e8s face au tube \u00e9lectronique\u00a0: beaucoup plus petit, plus l\u00e9ger et plus robuste, fonctionnant avec des tensions faibles, autorisant une alimentation par piles, et il fonctionne presque instantan\u00e9ment une fois mis sous tension, contrairement aux tubes \u00e9lectroniques qui demandaient une dizaine de secondes de chauffage, g\u00e9n\u00e9raient une consommation importante et n\u00e9cessitaient une source de tension \u00e9lev\u00e9e (plusieurs centaines de volts).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>L&rsquo;industrialisation vient d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1950, sous l&rsquo;impulsion de <a title=\"Norman Krim\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norman_Krim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Norman Krim<\/a>, vice-pr\u00e9sident de <a title=\"Raytheon\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raytheon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Raytheon<\/a> et d&rsquo;<a title=\"Herbert Matar\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Matar%C3%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Herbert Matar\u00e9<\/a> qui fonde Intermetall \u00e0 D\u00fcsseldorf, la premi\u00e8re compagnie au monde \u00e0 proposer sur le march\u00e9 des diodes et des transistors.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Il est rapidement assembl\u00e9, avec d&rsquo;autres composants, au sein de <a title=\"Circuit int\u00e9gr\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Circuit_int%C3%A9gr%C3%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">circuits int\u00e9gr\u00e9s<\/a>, ce qui lui permit de conqu\u00e9rir encore plus de terrain sur les autres formes d&rsquo;\u00e9lectronique active.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Voir ci contre la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loi_de_Moore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">loi de Moore<\/a> quand \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration de composants.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transistor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1957-%e2%80%98music-n-max-vernon-mathews-usa\"><\/span><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/music-n-max-mathews-usa-1957\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">1957 \u00a0\u2018MUSIC N\u2019, Max Vernon Mathews, USA,<\/span><\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-20822 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Mathews260.jpg\" alt=\"Max Mathews\" width=\"260\" height=\"347\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Mathews260.jpg 260w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Mathews260-112x150.jpg 112w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Mathews260-150x200.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/>En 1957, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Max_Mathews\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Max Mathews<\/a> met au point un programme pour l&rsquo;IBM 704, MUSIC I, qu&rsquo;il utilise pour r\u00e9aliser In the Silver Scale, compos\u00e9 par <em>Newman Guttman, premi\u00e8re pi\u00e8ce musicale g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par ordinateur. In the Silver Scale est monophonique, car MUSIC I ne permettait qu&rsquo;une seule voix. En 1959, MUSIC II propose quatre voix et utilise la synth\u00e8se par table d&rsquo;ondes. Afin de permettre aux compositeurs de cr\u00e9er leurs propres fonctions, Mathews cr\u00e9e en 1960 MUSIC III, un environnement modulaire compos\u00e9 de blocks (oscillateurs, enveloppes, m\u00e9langeurs&#8230;) qui peuvent \u00eatre reli\u00e9s les uns aux autres. Les programmes MUSIC IV et MUSIC V seront des portages de MUSIC III sur des machines plus r\u00e9centes.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-11\"><\/span><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>\u201cComputer performance of music was born in 1957 when an\u00a0IBM 704\u00a0in NYC played a 17 second composition on the\u00a0Music I\u00a0program which I wrote.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20824 \" title=\"IBM 704\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/IBM-704-americana-560x444.jpg\" alt=\"IBM 704\" width=\"388\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/IBM-704-americana-560x444.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/IBM-704-americana-189x150.jpg 189w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/IBM-704-americana-150x119.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/IBM-704-americana.jpg 757w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 388px) 100vw, 388px\" \/>The timbres and notes were not inspiring, but the technical breakthrough is still reverberating. Music I led me to Music II through V. A host of others wrote Music 10, Music 360, Music 15,\u00a0Csound\u00a0and\u00a0Cmix. Many exciting pieces are now performed digitally.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>The IBM 704 and its siblings were strictly studio machines \u2013 they were far too slow to synthesize music in real-time.\u00a0Chowning\u2019s FM algorithms\u00a0and the advent of fast, inexpensive, digital chips made real-time possible, and equally important, made it affordable.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Max Mathews \u201cHorizons in Computer Music\u201d, March 8\u20139, 1997,\u00a0Indiana University.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 50%; border-collapse: collapse; height: 24px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 24px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/TExxv1-j42Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/TExxv1-j42Y<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1963-the-%e2%80%98mellotron-and-%e2%80%98novatron-leslie-bradley-uk\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/the-mellotron-chamberlinleslie-bradleyuk1963\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1963 \u00a0The \u2018Mellotron\u2019 and \u2018Novatron\u2019 . Leslie Bradley, UK<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20830 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Acrylic-Mellotron_840pix.jpg\" alt=\"Acrylic-Mellotron_840pix\" width=\"840\" height=\"815\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Acrylic-Mellotron_840pix.jpg 840w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Acrylic-Mellotron_840pix-560x543.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Acrylic-Mellotron_840pix-768x745.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Acrylic-Mellotron_840pix-155x150.jpg 155w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Acrylic-Mellotron_840pix-150x146.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Acrylic-Mellotron_840pix-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><em>Le mellotron est un instrument de musique polyphonique \u00e0 clavier lisant les sons sur des bandes magn\u00e9tiques. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement utilis\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1960 et 1970, notamment par les formations de rock progressif.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le mellotron est apparu au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1960.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-12\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Il est issu d\u2019un instrument similaire, le chamberlin\u00a0, cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Harry Chamberlin en 1948. Bill Fransen, un agent commercial de Chamberlin, se rend en Angleterre en 1962 pour chercher un fabricant capable de produire 70 t\u00eates de lecture magn\u00e9tique pour les futurs chamberlins.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%e2%80%a6-13\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Bradmatic Ltd de Birmingham (dirig\u00e9e par les fr\u00e8res Les, Frank et Norman Bradley) d\u00e9cida de reprendre l\u2019id\u00e9e de Chamberlin \u00e0 son compte, en la modifiant et l\u2019am\u00e9liorant. Apr\u00e8s quelques heurts\u00a0concernant la paternit\u00e9 de cette invention, un arrangement fut trouv\u00e9 entre les deux compagnies.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 50%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><div  style=\"display: block; margin: 0px auto;\"  id=\"_ytid_71200\"  width=\"460\" height=\"260\"  data-origwidth=\"460\" data-origheight=\"260\" data-facadesrc=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DUAj3ql1DFI?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=en&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=1&autohide=2&hl=fr_FR&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__ epyt-facade no-lazyload\" data-vol=\"90\"  data-epautoplay=\"1\" ><img decoding=\"async\" data-spai-excluded=\"true\" class=\"epyt-facade-poster skip-lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Nights In White Satin by the Moody Blues, on my Mellotron M400\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/DUAj3ql1DFI\/maxresdefault.jpg\" title=\"-\"><button class=\"epyt-facade-play\" aria-label=\"Play\"><svg data-no-lazy=\"1\" height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ytp-large-play-button-bg\" d=\"M66.52,7.74c-0.78-2.93-2.49-5.41-5.42-6.19C55.79,.13,34,0,34,0S12.21,.13,6.9,1.55 C3.97,2.33,2.27,4.81,1.48,7.74C0.06,13.05,0,24,0,24s0.06,10.95,1.48,16.26c0.78,2.93,2.49,5.41,5.42,6.19 C12.21,47.87,34,48,34,48s21.79-0.13,27.1-1.55c2.93-0.78,4.64-3.26,5.42-6.19C67.94,34.95,68,24,68,24S67.94,13.05,66.52,7.74z\" fill=\"#f00\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45,24 27,14 27,34\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">.<\/span>Le mellotron n\u2019est pas un instrument de synth\u00e8se sonore\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synth%C3%A8se_sonore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Il fonctionne comme un <a title=\"\u00c9chantillonneur\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89chantillonneur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e9chantillonneur<\/a>, chaque note du clavier contr\u00f4lant directement la lecture d\u2019une petite <a title=\"Bande magn\u00e9tique\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bande_magn%C3%A9tique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bande magn\u00e9tique<\/a> contenant l\u2019enregistrement \u00e0 restituer. C\u2019est donc un instrument compl\u00e8tement <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Polyphonique\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyphonique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">polyphonique<\/a>. L\u2019\u00e9chantillon pr\u00e9enregistr\u00e9 est lin\u00e9aire (la note n\u2019est pas jou\u00e9e en boucle), il dure environ 8 secondes. Sur les mod\u00e8les les plus anciens, les banques sonores sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans l\u2019appareil et ne sont pas modifiables. Le mod\u00e8le M400, simplifi\u00e9, utilise des racks interchangeables contenant 35 bandes magn\u00e9tiques (largeur 3\/8 de pouce), ce qui permet d\u2019\u00e9tendre \u00e0 l\u2019infini les possibilit\u00e9s sonores, d\u2019une fa\u00e7on comparable \u00e0 un \u00e9chantillonneur num\u00e9rique.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mellotron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<div><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1964-moog-synthesisers-robert-moog-usa\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/moog-synthesisersrobert-moogusa1963-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1964 Moog Synthesisers\u2019 Robert Moog. USA,\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-20670 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Minimoog.jpg\" alt=\"Minimoog\" width=\"596\" height=\"344\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Minimoog.jpg 596w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Minimoog-560x323.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Minimoog-250x144.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Minimoog-150x87.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 596px) 100vw, 596px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20832 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/moog-11363410.jpg\" alt=\"robert moog\" width=\"250\" height=\"341\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/moog-11363410.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/moog-11363410-110x150.jpg 110w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/moog-11363410-150x205.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><em>Le <b><span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\">Minimoog<\/span><\/b> est un synth\u00e9tiseur <a title=\"Analogique\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analogique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analogique<\/a> monophonique, invent\u00e9 par <span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\">Bill Hemsath<\/span> et <span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\"><a title=\"Robert Moog\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Moog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Robert Moog<\/a><\/span>. Commercialis\u00e9 en 1970<sup id=\"cite_ref-m_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minimoog#cite_note-m-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1<\/a><\/sup>, cet instrument fixa plusieurs standards pour les synth\u00e9tiseurs analogiques au niveau de l&rsquo;interface de contr\u00f4le notamment. On peut en jouer via son clavier int\u00e9gr\u00e9 (une nouveaut\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque). Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 fabriqu\u00e9 de 1970 \u00e0 1981.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Ce synth\u00e9tiseur s&rsquo;appuie sur la synth\u00e8se soustractive\u00a0: les oscillateurs fournissent des formes d&rsquo;ondes riches en <a title=\"Harmonique (musique)\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harmonique_(musique)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">harmoniques<\/a>, que le filtre permet d&rsquo;adoucir.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le <span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\">Minimoog<\/span> fonctionne avec quatre sources de sons\u00a0: trois <a title=\"Oscillateur contr\u00f4l\u00e9 en tension\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oscillateur_contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9_en_tension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oscillateurs<\/a> (VCO) et un g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de bruit. Le troisi\u00e8me oscillateur peut \u00eatre commut\u00e9 en LFO (oscillateur basse fr\u00e9quence) et utilis\u00e9 pour moduler les deux autres oscillateurs ou le filtre. Les sons m\u00e9lang\u00e9s (<span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\">mixed<\/span>) passent ensuite par le fameux filtre Moog (VCF passe-ba<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Passe-bas\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Passe-bas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">s<\/a> r\u00e9sonnant \u00e0 quatre p\u00f4les, <span class=\"nowrap\">24\u00a0dB\/oct<\/span>) et un amplificateur (VCA) qui tous deux poss\u00e8dent leur propre g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur d&rsquo;enveloppe.\u00a0Ce synth\u00e9tiseur reste aujourd&rsquo;hui encore une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence dans le monde de la musique \u00e9lectronique, et ce plus de trente ans apr\u00e8s sa sortie, \u00e0 tel point qu&rsquo;une r\u00e9\u00e9dition (<span class=\"lang-en\" lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\">Minimoog Voyager<\/span>) a vu le jour \u00e0 partir de 2002. Elle reprend l&rsquo;architecture de l&rsquo;original, tout en lui ajoutant des fonctionnalit\u00e9s modernes, et sa qualit\u00e9 sonore est voisine de celle de l&rsquo;instrument original&#8230;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 24px; width: 50%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 24px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><div  style=\"display: block; margin: 0px auto;\"  id=\"_ytid_12423\"  width=\"460\" height=\"260\"  data-origwidth=\"460\" data-origheight=\"260\" data-facadesrc=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nnXviNztuNk?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=en&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=1&autohide=2&hl=fr_FR&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__ epyt-facade no-lazyload\" data-vol=\"90\"  data-epautoplay=\"1\" ><img decoding=\"async\" data-spai-excluded=\"true\" class=\"epyt-facade-poster skip-lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Rick Wakeman on Minimoog\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/nnXviNztuNk\/maxresdefault.jpg\" title=\"-\"><button class=\"epyt-facade-play\" aria-label=\"Play\"><svg data-no-lazy=\"1\" height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ytp-large-play-button-bg\" d=\"M66.52,7.74c-0.78-2.93-2.49-5.41-5.42-6.19C55.79,.13,34,0,34,0S12.21,.13,6.9,1.55 C3.97,2.33,2.27,4.81,1.48,7.74C0.06,13.05,0,24,0,24s0.06,10.95,1.48,16.26c0.78,2.93,2.49,5.41,5.42,6.19 C12.21,47.87,34,48,34,48s21.79-0.13,27.1-1.55c2.93-0.78,4.64-3.26,5.42-6.19C67.94,34.95,68,24,68,24S67.94,13.05,66.52,7.74z\" fill=\"#f00\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45,24 27,14 27,34\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">C&rsquo;est avec le Fairlight que j&rsquo;arr\u00eaterai cette \u00e9num\u00e9ration car il annonce l\u2019\u00e8re du tout num\u00e9rique m\u00eame s&rsquo;il va falloir attendre encore quelques ann\u00e9es pour sa d\u00e9mocratisation.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Vous trouverez en fin d&rsquo;article un lien, compl\u00e9ment \u00e0 cette liste peu exhaustive.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Cependant, avant de continuer cet article, je me dois signaler Le \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Groupe_de_recherches_musicales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Groupe de Recherches Musicales<\/a>\u2019 \u00a0avec\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Schaeffer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pierre Schaeffer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Henry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pierre Henry<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/inagrm.com\/deces-jacques-poullin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jacques Poullin<\/a>, France Fond\u00e9 en 1951<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div id=\"attachment_20835\" style=\"width: 770px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20835\" class=\"wp-image-20835\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/console_grm.jpg\" alt=\"console_grm\" width=\"760\" height=\"505\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/console_grm.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/console_grm-560x372.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/console_grm-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/console_grm-226x150.jpg 226w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/console_grm-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20835\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Console du GRM en 1972<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/inagrm.com\/fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Groupe de Recherches Musicales<\/a> (GRM) d\u00e9veloppe depuis 1958 des activit\u00e9s de cr\u00e9ation et de recherche dans le domaine du son et des musiques \u00e9lectroacoustiques.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Il participe \u00e9galement \u00e0 la mission de conservation et de valorisation du patrimoine sonore.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>En plus de 50 ans d\u2019existence, le GRM a collabor\u00e9 avec les plus grands compositeurs et a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des logiciels de cr\u00e9ation musicale performants. <\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Pionnier de la musique \u00e9lectroacoustique, le GRM est un laboratoire d\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation sonore unique au monde.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"la-suite-%3e%3e%3e%3e\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/inagrm.com\/historique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1979-fairlight-computer-music-instrument-peter-vogel-kim-ryrie-australia\"><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/fairlight-computer-music-instrument-peter-vogel-kim-ryrie-australia-1979\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>1979 Fairlight Computer Music Instrument. Peter Vogel &amp; Kim Ryrie, Australia<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20834\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20834\" class=\"wp-image-20834 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/fairlight-cmi-04.jpg\" alt=\"fairlight\" width=\"600\" height=\"469\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/fairlight-cmi-04.jpg 600w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/fairlight-cmi-04-560x438.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/fairlight-cmi-04-192x150.jpg 192w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/fairlight-cmi-04-150x117.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20834\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fairlight <a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/fairlight-computer-music-instrument-peter-vogel-kim-ryrie-australia-1979\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Computer Music Instrument<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>\u00c0 l&rsquo;origine du CMI (Computer Musical Instrument) Fairlight, on trouve les travaux de Tony Furse sur plusieurs <a title=\"Synth\u00e9tiseur\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synth%C3%A9tiseur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">synth\u00e9tiseurs<\/a> analogiques et num\u00e9riques (principalement les Qasar I &amp; II). Ce dernier a d\u00e9j\u00e0 cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Creative Strategies, \u00e0 Sydney en <a title=\"1975\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1975\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1975<\/a>. Consultant aupr\u00e8s de <a title=\"Motorola\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorola\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Motorola<\/a>, il met au point une machine bi-processeur (bas\u00e9e sur deux Motorola 6800 et sur l&rsquo;architecture EXORciser de Motorola) appel\u00e9 QASAR. Cet ordinateur constitue l&rsquo;architecture fondamentale des CMI (Computer Musical Instrument), les \u00e9chantillonneurs de Fairlight.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"la-suite-%3e%3e%3e%3e%3e%3e\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fairlight_CMI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le <a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/fairlight-computer-music-instrument-peter-vogel-kim-ryrie-australia-1979\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CMI<\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier instrument pour inclure l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage num\u00e9rique, l&rsquo;\u00e9dition de forme d&rsquo;onde graphique (via le stylet), la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transformation_de_Fourier_rapide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">FFT<\/a>, une synth\u00e8se additive \u00e0 base et un s\u00e9quenceur logiciel. En d\u00e9pit de sa faible capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage 8bit \/ 24kHz, le CMI est un succ\u00e8s commercial imm\u00e9diat. c&rsquo;est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment incontournable de la musique pop dans les ann\u00e9es 1980 avec des artistes tels que Peter Gabriel (avec Syco Systems la premi\u00e8re entreprise \u00e0 importer et distribuer Fairlight En Europe), Kate Bush, Geoff Downes, Trevor Horn, Alan Parsons, Rick Wright, Thomas Dolby, Stewart Copland, Art of Noise, King Crimson, Mike Oldfield, Stevie Wonder, Herbie Hancock Jan Hammer, Joni Mitchell, Jean-Michel Jarre et beaucoup d&rsquo;autres.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 50%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><div  style=\"display: block; margin: 0px auto;\"  id=\"_ytid_25698\"  width=\"460\" height=\"260\"  data-origwidth=\"460\" data-origheight=\"260\" data-facadesrc=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/n6QsusDS_8A?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=en&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=1&autohide=2&hl=fr_FR&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__ epyt-facade no-lazyload\" data-vol=\"90\"  data-epautoplay=\"1\" ><img decoding=\"async\" data-spai-excluded=\"true\" class=\"epyt-facade-poster skip-lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Herbie Hancock jams with his Fairlight CMI\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/n6QsusDS_8A\/maxresdefault.jpg\" title=\"-\"><button class=\"epyt-facade-play\" aria-label=\"Play\"><svg data-no-lazy=\"1\" height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ytp-large-play-button-bg\" d=\"M66.52,7.74c-0.78-2.93-2.49-5.41-5.42-6.19C55.79,.13,34,0,34,0S12.21,.13,6.9,1.55 C3.97,2.33,2.27,4.81,1.48,7.74C0.06,13.05,0,24,0,24s0.06,10.95,1.48,16.26c0.78,2.93,2.49,5.41,5.42,6.19 C12.21,47.87,34,48,34,48s21.79-0.13,27.1-1.55c2.93-0.78,4.64-3.26,5.42-6.19C67.94,34.95,68,24,68,24S67.94,13.05,66.52,7.74z\" fill=\"#f00\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45,24 27,14 27,34\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8px; color: #ffffff;\">Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore <\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><a id=\"NT01\"><\/a>Synth\u00e8se sonore : Notes techniques<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<table cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 40%; vertical-align: top;\">\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Quand j&rsquo;ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 composer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/vingt-aphorismes-enchevetres\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00ab<strong>Vingt et un Aphorismes\u00a0Enchev\u00eatr\u00e9s<\/strong>\u00bb<\/a>, j&rsquo;ai cherch\u00e9 parmi les myriades de sons ce qui pouvait se rapprocher le plus de ce que j&rsquo;entendais dans le silence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Cela commence toujours par une exploration&#8230; La difficult\u00e9 et l&rsquo;amusement d&rsquo;une symphonie r\u00e9side dans l&rsquo;utilisation et l&rsquo;harmonisation de sources sonores existantes (violons, cuivres, bois, timbales). La complication et la dr\u00f4lerie de r\u00e9aliser ce type de musique demeure de l&rsquo;utilisation de sons qui n&rsquo;existent pas o\u00f9 simplement se trouvent \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tat larvaire encore <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Signal_sinuso%C3%AFdal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signal sinuso\u00efdal<\/a> ou bien <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bruit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bruit<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">A titre d&rsquo;exemple on voit, colonne de droite, la construction basique d&rsquo;un son. Que ce soit en analogique ou en num\u00e9rique le principe reste le m\u00eame.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33%; text-align: center;\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20699\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/001.jpg\" alt=\"Sinus\" width=\"150\" height=\"245\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/001.jpg 500w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/001-92x150.jpg 92w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/001-150x245.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34%; text-align: center;\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20700\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/002.jpg\" alt=\"Bruit\" width=\"150\" height=\"245\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/002.jpg 500w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/002-92x150.jpg 92w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/002-150x245.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33%; text-align: center;\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20701\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/003.jpg\" alt=\"Mixage\" width=\"150\" height=\"245\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/003.jpg 500w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/003-92x150.jpg 92w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/003-150x245.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\">\n<div><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\">Construction basique d&rsquo;un son.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>On entend\u00a0successivement :\u00a0220Hz, 440hz, 880Hz, le mixage des trois sinuso\u00efdes, le Bruit Rose\u00a0et pour finir\u00a0le mixage complet)<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-21247-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/pouraphorisme.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/pouraphorisme.mp3\">https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/pouraphorisme.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<table class=\" alignleft\" style=\"width: 700px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><div id=\"attachment_20707\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20707\" class=\"wp-image-20707\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/rampe.jpg\" alt=\"rampe\" width=\"650\" height=\"224\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/rampe.jpg 1807w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/rampe-560x193.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/rampe-768x265.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/rampe-1024x354.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/rampe-250x86.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/rampe-150x52.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20707\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Signal en dents de scie &#8211; Sa d\u00e9composition en sinuso\u00efdes &#8211; Sa repr\u00e9sentation en analyse fr\u00e9quentielle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">\u00a9 Lovisolo 2014<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-21247-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/dentse-scie110hz.mp3?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/dentse-scie110hz.mp3\">https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/dentse-scie110hz.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Le signal ci-dessus \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9coute&#8230; Une des composantes sonores des synth\u00e9tiseurs. ( 110Hz )<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"attachment_18325\" style=\"width: 190px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18325\" class=\"wp-image-18325\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2030\/12\/Joseph_Fourier-560x685.jpg\" alt=\"Joseph_Fourier\" width=\"180\" height=\"220\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2030\/12\/Joseph_Fourier-560x685.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2030\/12\/Joseph_Fourier-768x939.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2030\/12\/Joseph_Fourier-123x150.jpg 123w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2030\/12\/Joseph_Fourier.jpg 805w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-18325\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">Joseph<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">On sait que l&rsquo;on peut d\u00e9composer un signal p\u00e9riodique en une somme de sinus et cosinus de fr\u00e9quence multiples de la fr\u00e9quence fondamentale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">On doit cette d\u00e9couverte \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Fourier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joseph Fourier<\/a>. Comme vous l&rsquo;avez entendu plus haut, dans la synth\u00e8se additive se sont des signaux simples qui sont additionn\u00e9s pour construire des sons de plus en plus complexes.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">La <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synth%C3%A8se_sonore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">synth\u00e8se additive<\/a> avec\u00a0l&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;informatique a fait de consid\u00e9rables progr\u00e8s.<\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Il est d\u00e9sormais possible\u00a0d&rsquo;utiliser en temps r\u00e9el plusieurs\u00a0dizaines d&rsquo;oscillateurs dans des progiciels de synth\u00e8se sonore.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Une autre technique est employ\u00e9e est la <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synth%C3%A8se_sonore_soustractive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">synth\u00e8se soustractive<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Contrairement \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re on va utiliser des bases tr\u00e8s riches en harmoniques comme notre signal en dents de scie. Le signal de base est le plus souvent un signal simple fr\u00e9quence de la note jou\u00e9e soit \u00a0<a title=\"Signal carr\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Signal_carr%C3%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signal carr\u00e9<\/a>, <a title=\"Signal triangulaire\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Signal_triangulaire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">triangulaire<\/a>, ou en <a title=\"Signal en dents de scie\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Signal_en_dents_de_scie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dents de scie<\/a>.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<table class=\" alignright\" style=\"width: 700px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_20712\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20712\" class=\"wp-image-20712\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Carr\u00e9.jpg\" alt=\"Signal Carr\u00e9 et ses composantes harmoniques\" width=\"650\" height=\"225\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Carr\u00e9.jpg 1809w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Carr\u00e9-560x193.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Carr\u00e9-768x265.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Carr\u00e9-1024x354.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Carr\u00e9-250x86.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Carr\u00e9-150x52.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20712\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signal Carr\u00e9, sa d\u00e9composition en sinso\u00efdes et ses composantes harmoniques <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">\u00a9 Lovisolo 2014<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-21247-4\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Carre.mp3?_=4\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Carre.mp3\">https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Carre.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">Le signal carr\u00e9 ci-dessus \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9coute&#8230; (110Hz )<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-21247-5\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sinus.mp3?_=5\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sinus.mp3\">https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sinus.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">La sinuso\u00efde en rouge seulement&#8230;(110Hz )<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Ces signaux riches en \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harmonique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">harmoniques<\/a> de fr\u00e9quences \u00e9lev\u00e9es ont une sonorit\u00e9 assez dure. En utilisant un filtre fr\u00e9quentiel on va modifier le timbre en contr\u00f4lant leur contenu harmonique. A titre d&rsquo;exemple vous pourrez \u00e9couter un signal carr\u00e9 brut \u00e0 110 hertz c&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire un LA1 et juste la fr\u00e9quence fondamentale sinuso\u00efdale: elle est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e en rouge sur les graphiques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Il est bon de noter que sans l&rsquo;adaptation au synth\u00e9tiseur des VCO &#8211; VCF &#8211; VCA &#8211; LFO &#8211; EG, il eut \u00e9t\u00e9 impossible de fabriquer les instruments de synth\u00e8se sonore que nous connaissons.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Grace \u00e0 la commande en tension il est possible de combiner tous les modules.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Par exemple un LFO\u00a0peut commander un VCO et, par exemple moduler en amplitude un son (vibrato).<\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oscillateur_contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9_en_tension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">VCO<\/a> : Oscillateur command\u00e9 en tension, la base de tout appareil.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filtre_contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9_en_tension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">VCF<\/a> : Filtre command\u00e9 en tension<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voltage_Controlled_Amplifier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">VCA<\/a> : Amplificateur command\u00e9 en tension<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">et pour parfaire:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">LFO: Oscillateur de basse fr\u00e9quence<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">EG: G\u00e9n\u00e9rateur d&rsquo;enveloppe (<a href=\"#EG\"> j&rsquo;y viens !<\/a>)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_20882\" style=\"width: 565px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enveloppe_sonore#\/media\/File:SynthDiagEnv.svg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20882\" class=\"wp-image-20882\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/747px-SynthDiagEnv.svg.png\" alt=\"747px-SynthDiagEnv.svg\" width=\"555\" height=\"208\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/747px-SynthDiagEnv.svg.png 747w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/747px-SynthDiagEnv.svg-560x210.png 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/747px-SynthDiagEnv.svg-250x94.png 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/747px-SynthDiagEnv.svg-150x56.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 555px) 100vw, 555px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-20882\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dans un synth\u00e9tiseur d&rsquo;architecture soustractive o\u00f9 deux g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs d&rsquo;enveloppes (EG) font varier le filtre (VCF) et le volume (VCA).<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Ces cinq-l\u00e0 sont la base du synth\u00e9tiseur analogique et par extension algorithmique des synth\u00e9tiseurs num\u00e9riques. D&rsquo;autres modules existent et on peut complique \u00e0 l&rsquo;infini les moyens de produire du son.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u00a0<a id=\"EG\"><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">De l\u2019importance de l&rsquo;enveloppe&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Tout les sons naissent, vivent, et meurent. Si l&rsquo;on donne un coup de plectre sur une corde de guitare vous entendrez un son assez sec suivi d&rsquo;une r\u00e9sonance et, enfin, l&rsquo;extinction su son. Cette merveilleuse affaire est quantifiable!<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\" alignright\" style=\"width: 60%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_20879\" style=\"width: 581px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/adsr.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20879\" class=\"wp-image-20879\" title=\"synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/adsr.jpg\" alt=\"adsr\" width=\"571\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/adsr.jpg 1495w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/adsr-560x221.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/adsr-768x303.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/adsr-1024x404.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/adsr-250x99.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/adsr-150x59.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-20879\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cliquez sur l&rsquo;image pour l&rsquo;agrandir dans un nouvel onglet.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">\u00a9 Lovisolo 2016<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-21247-6\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/adsr.mp3?_=6\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/adsr.mp3\">https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/adsr.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Elle se nomme <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enveloppe_sonore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ADSR<\/a>.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Attack<\/strong>: l&rsquo;attaque d\u00e9crit la dur\u00e9e n\u00e9cessaire pour atteindre le niveau maximal, apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de la note (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire apr\u00e8s avoir appuy\u00e9 sur une touche du clavier) ;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Decay<\/strong>: la chute indique la dur\u00e9e n\u00e9cessaire pour redescendre jusqu&rsquo;en phase d&rsquo;entretien<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Sustain<\/strong>: l&rsquo;entretien d\u00e9crit le niveau stable, conserv\u00e9 tant que la touche est maintenue enfonc\u00e9e<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>Release<\/strong>: l&rsquo;extinction indique la dur\u00e9e n\u00e9cessaire pour que le niveau diminue jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 revenir au z\u00e9ro initial, \u00e0 partir de la fin de la note (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire d\u00e8s le rel\u00e2chement de la touche).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Sans cette technique, impossible de faire de la synth\u00e8se sonore.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Comme il se doit nous retrouverons la ou les commandes ADSR sur toutes les machines \u00e0 produire et traiter le son.<\/span><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Il existe beaucoup de moyen de cr\u00e9er de la mati\u00e8re sonore.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Parmi les plus utilis\u00e9s:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">La synth\u00e8se bas\u00e9e sur des \u00e9chantillons :<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">la\u00a0synth\u00e8se granulaire&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">&#8230; est la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;un\u00a0signal sonore\u00a0complexe en combinant\u00a0des\u00a0\u00e9chantillons sonores\u00a0de l&rsquo;ordre de la milliseconde (10 \u00e0 100 ms). On pourra agir sur ces grains de mani\u00e8re temporelle, dynamique, spatiale, phase, hauteur et bien sur l&rsquo;enveloppe vue plus haut. La combinaison des \u00e9chantillons pourra se faire de mani\u00e8re math\u00e9matique par le truchement d&rsquo;un contr\u00f4le en temps r\u00e9el, directement par le musicien sur gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&rsquo;interface d&rsquo;un programme\u00a0d\u00e9di\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Utilisation de fonctions math\u00e9matiques pour l\u2019obtention d&rsquo;un nouveau don \u00e0 partir de deux sons purs.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"3\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u00a9 Lovisolo 2016<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20904 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Sin-A-et-B-560x368.jpg\" alt=\"Sin A et B\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Sin-A-et-B-560x368.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Sin-A-et-B-768x504.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Sin-A-et-B-1024x672.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Sin-A-et-B-228x150.jpg 228w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Sin-A-et-B-150x98.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Sin-A-et-B.jpg 1179w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20905 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-x-B-560x367.jpg\" alt=\"sin A x B\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-x-B-560x367.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-x-B-768x503.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-x-B-1024x671.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-x-B-229x150.jpg 229w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-x-B-150x98.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-x-B.jpg 1181w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-20906\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-cosB-560x367.jpg\" alt=\"sin A + cosB\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-cosB-560x367.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-cosB-768x503.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-cosB-1024x671.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-cosB-229x150.jpg 229w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-cosB-150x98.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/sin-A-cosB.jpg 1181w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33%; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">\u00a0Soit deux sinuso\u00efdes d&rsquo;un signal sonores : A et B (B=2A)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34%; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">\u00a0Fonction : A x B<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33%; height: 24px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">\u00a0Fonction : A + cosB<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"attachment_20908\" style=\"width: 249px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Granular_synthesis-grain.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20908\" class=\"wp-image-20908 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Granular_synthesis-grain.gif\" alt=\"Granular_synthesis-grain\" width=\"239\" height=\"224\" title=\"-\"><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-20908\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Visualisation d&rsquo;un grain d&rsquo;environ 15 ms.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dans la synth\u00e8se granulaire on peut employer des \u00e9chantillons de sinuso\u00efdes, signaux carr\u00e9s et autres triangles combin\u00e9s \u00e0 des sons complexes \u00e9chantillonn\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\" alignright\" style=\"width: 40%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-21247-7\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Granula.mp3?_=7\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Granula.mp3\">https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Granula.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Exemple : Cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;un son en synth\u00e8se granulaire \u00abcombinant\u00bb Ch\u0153ur, une cymbale et une fl\u00fbte. Jou\u00e9 du Do 0 au Do 6 (C0 &#8211; C6) \u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a9Frank Lovisolo 2016<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>La synth\u00e8se granulaire est issue des recherches sur les micro-sons, particuli\u00e8rement des travaux de Dennis Gabor en 1947. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iannis-xenakis.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iannis Xenakis<\/a> fut parmi les premiers \u00e0 en faire une utilisation musicale en 1958 avec la pi\u00e8ce pour bande <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UDP8H5IK5nw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ConcretePH<\/a>. <\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Le premier logiciel de synth\u00e8se granulaire est cr\u00e9\u00e9 par <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curtis_Roads\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Curtis Roads<\/a> en 1978. <\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Barry Truax \u00e9crira le premier moteur de synth\u00e8se granulaire temps r\u00e9el en 1986 et s&rsquo;en servira pour traiter des sources acoustiques (inventant donc la granulation). <\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synth%C3%A8se_granulaire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>La suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"fr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>La synth\u00e8se par mod\u00e8les de signaux. <\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Cette cat\u00e9gorie comporte les synth\u00e8ses bas\u00e9es sur la reproduction des caract\u00e9ristiques d&rsquo;une sources sonores afin de la reproduire, par exemple en analysant sa d\u00e9composition de Fourier afin de la recr\u00e9er en synth\u00e8se sonore additive. Elle pr\u00e9sente l\u2019inconv\u00e9nient de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un grand nombre de param\u00e8tres de synth\u00e8se. Toutefois les algorithmes du traitement du signal permettent d\u2019obtenir automatiquement les param\u00e8tres de synth\u00e8se \u00e0 partir de sons enregistr\u00e9s ou en temps-r\u00e9el (algorithmes d\u2019analyse-resynth\u00e8se). <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synth%C3%A8se_sonore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<table class=\" alignleft\" style=\"width: 60%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 610px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Synthesizer.components.01.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-20917\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Synthesizer.components.01-560x277.png\" alt=\"Synthesizer.components.01\" width=\"610\" height=\"302\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Synthesizer.components.01-560x277.png 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Synthesizer.components.01-768x380.png 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Synthesizer.components.01-250x124.png 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Synthesizer.components.01-150x74.png 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Synthesizer.components.01.png 1022w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 610px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Teisco_S60f_panel.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-20918\" title=\"synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Teisco_S60f_panel-560x186.jpg\" alt=\"Teisco_S60f_panel\" width=\"610\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Teisco_S60f_panel-560x186.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Teisco_S60f_panel-768x256.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Teisco_S60f_panel-1024x341.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Teisco_S60f_panel-250x83.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Teisco_S60f_panel-150x50.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Teisco_S60f_panel.jpg 1802w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 610px;\">Pour une vue d&rsquo;ensemble :\u00a0Composants basiques d&rsquo;un\u00a0 synth\u00e9tiseur soustractif<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Il en existe encore beaucoup.<br \/>\nJe vous envoie \u00e0 l\u2019excellente page Wikip\u00e9dia, en anglais, qui traite du sujet:<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synthesizer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Synthesizer<\/a><\/em><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em> (Redirected from Sound synthesis)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">A sound synthesizer (usually abbreviated as \u00ab\u00a0synthesizer\u00a0\u00bb or \u00ab\u00a0synth\u00a0\u00bb, also spelled \u00ab\u00a0synthesiser\u00a0\u00bb) is an electronic musical instrument that generates electric signals that are converted <em>to sound through instrument amplifiersand loudspeakers or headphones. Synthesizers may either imitate instruments like piano, Hammond organ, flute, vocals; natural sounds like ocean waves, etc.; or generate new electronic timbres. They are often played with amusical keyboard, but they can be controlled via a variety of other input devices, including music sequencers, instrument controllers, fingerboards, guitar synthesizers, wind controllers, and electronic drums. Synthesizers without built-in controllers are often called sound modules and are controlled via MIDI or CV\/Gate using a controller device, often a MIDI keyboard or other controller.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synthesizer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lire la suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8px; color: #ffffff;\">synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Compl\u00e9ments<\/span><\/h4>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.725163%;\" colspan=\"9\" width=\"999\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Synth\u00e8ses sonores<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.725163%; text-align: justify;\" colspan=\"9\" width=\"2442\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dans la synth\u00e8se soustractive, des formes d&rsquo;onde complexes sont g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par des oscillateurs, puis mises en forme avec des filtres pour supprimer ou amplifier des fr\u00e9quences sp\u00e9cifiques. La synth\u00e8se soustractive est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e comme \u00ab\u00a0riche\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0chaleureuse\u00a0\u00bb, certes.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.725163%; text-align: justify;\" colspan=\"9\" width=\"2442\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dans la synth\u00e8se additive, un grand nombre de formes d&rsquo;onde, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des ondes sinuso\u00efdales, sont combin\u00e9es en un son composite.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.725163%; text-align: justify;\" colspan=\"9\" width=\"2442\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dans la synth\u00e8se de modulation de fr\u00e9quence (FM), les formes d&rsquo;onde sont modul\u00e9es avec la fr\u00e9quence d&rsquo;autres formes d&rsquo;onde ; la forme d&rsquo;onde complexe r\u00e9sultante peut, \u00e0 son tour, \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour en moduler une autre, et celle-ci une autre, et ainsi de suite. La synth\u00e8se FM peut imiter les sons acoustiques tels que le piano, les cordes et les orgues.\u00a0 La synth\u00e8se FM serait per\u00e7ue comme \u00ab\u00a0dure\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0vitreuse\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0froide\u00a0\u00bb&#8230; Bof, \u00e0 \u00e9couter !<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.725163%; text-align: justify;\" colspan=\"9\" width=\"2442\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">La synth\u00e8se de distorsion de phase, impl\u00e9ment\u00e9e dans les synth\u00e9tiseurs Casio CZ, est similaire \u00e0 la synth\u00e8se FM. (Ha, les brevets !)<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.725163%; text-align: justify;\" colspan=\"9\" width=\"2442\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-45330\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Table-donde-460x218.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"342\" height=\"162\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Table-donde-460x218.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Table-donde-768x364.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Table-donde-250x119.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Table-donde-150x71.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Table-donde.jpg 945w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\" \/>Dans la synth\u00e8se \u00e0 table d\u2019ondes, les synth\u00e9tiseurs modulent en douceur entre les repr\u00e9sentations num\u00e9riques de diff\u00e9rentes formes d&rsquo;onde, en modifiant la forme et le timbre.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.725163%; text-align: justify;\" colspan=\"9\" width=\"2442\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dans\u00a0la synth\u00e8se bas\u00e9e sur des \u00e9chantillons, au lieu que les sons soient cr\u00e9\u00e9s par des synth\u00e9tiseurs,\u00a0des \u00e9chantillons\u00a0(enregistrements num\u00e9riques de sons) sont lus et fa\u00e7onn\u00e9s avec des composants tels que des filtres, des enveloppes et des LFO.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.725163%; text-align: justify;\" colspan=\"9\" width=\"2442\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dans la synth\u00e8se vectorielle, mise au point par le Prophet VS, les utilisateurs effectuent un fondu encha\u00een\u00e9 entre diff\u00e9rentes sources sonores \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de contr\u00f4leurs tels que des joysticks.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.725163%; text-align: justify;\" colspan=\"9\" width=\"2442\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dans la synth\u00e8se granulaire, un \u00e9chantillon audio est divis\u00e9 en \u00ab\u00a0grains\u00a0\u00bb, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compris entre un centi\u00e8me et un dixi\u00e8me de seconde, qui sont recombin\u00e9s et lus.<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.725163%; text-align: justify;\" colspan=\"9\" width=\"2442\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dans\u00a0la synth\u00e8se de mod\u00e9lisation physique, un mod\u00e8le math\u00e9matique d&rsquo;une source sonore physique est cr\u00e9\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">VCO Oscillateur command\u00e9 en tension<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voltage-controlled_oscillator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voltage-controlled_oscillator<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">VCF Filtre contr\u00f4l\u00e9 en tension<\/span><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filtre_contr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">VCA Amplificateur command\u00e9 en tension<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amplificateur_command%C3%A9_en_tension\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amplificateur_command%C3%A9_en_tension <\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">LFO Oscillateur basse fr\u00e9quence<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Low_frequency_oscillator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Low_frequency_oscillator<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">EG G\u00e9n\u00e9rateur d&rsquo;enveloppe<\/span><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enveloppe_sonore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enveloppe_sonore <\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45299 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base001-1024x389.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"389\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base001-1024x389.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base001-460x175.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base001-768x292.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base001-250x95.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base001-150x57.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base001.jpg 1027w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45300 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base002-1024x464.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"464\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base002-1024x464.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base002-460x209.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base002-768x348.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base002-250x113.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base002-150x68.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base002.jpg 1103w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Filtre<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-45301\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base003.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"422\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base003.jpg 892w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base003-460x190.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base003-768x317.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base003-250x103.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base003-150x62.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">D\u00e9composition d&rsquo;un signal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_45302\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45302\" class=\"wp-image-45302 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base005-1024x448.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"448\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base005-1024x448.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base005-460x201.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base005-768x336.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base005-250x109.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base005-150x66.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base005.jpg 1518w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-45302\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dent de scie ( Rampe )<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_45303\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45303\" class=\"wp-image-45303 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base004-1024x455.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"455\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base004-1024x455.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base004-460x204.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base004-768x341.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base004-250x111.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base004-150x67.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Synthese-base004.jpg 1507w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-45303\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">D\u00e9composition du signal en sinuso\u00efdes.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h4><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Synth\u00e8se additive \/\/ Synth\u00e8se FM<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-45310 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM001.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"395\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM001.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM001-460x177.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM001-768x296.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM001-250x96.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM001-150x58.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45311 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM002.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"395\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM002.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM002-460x177.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM002-768x296.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM002-250x96.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM002-150x58.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45312 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM003.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"395\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM003.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM003-460x177.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM003-768x296.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM003-250x96.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM003-150x58.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45313 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM004.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"395\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM004.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM004-460x177.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM004-768x296.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM004-250x96.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM004-150x58.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-45314 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM005.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"395\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM005.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM005-460x177.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM005-768x296.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM005-250x96.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-FM005-150x58.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h4><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Synth\u00e8se FM<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-45318\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM-.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1380\" height=\"565\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM-.jpg 2500w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM--460x188.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM--1024x419.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM--768x314.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM--1536x629.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM--2048x838.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM--250x102.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM--150x61.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1380px) 100vw, 1380px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45336 size-large aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM-1024x480.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM-1024x480.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM-460x216.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM-768x360.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM-250x117.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM-150x70.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/FM.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Effet des diff\u00e9rents filtres<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Rampe sans filtre<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45337 size-large aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy1N-1024x480.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy1N-1024x480.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy1N-460x216.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy1N-768x360.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy1N-250x117.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy1N-150x70.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy1N.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Filtre Low-Pass avec R\u00e9sonnance<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45338 size-large aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy2-1024x480.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy2-1024x480.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy2-460x216.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy2-768x360.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy2-250x117.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy2-150x70.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy2.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Filtre Notch<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-45339 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy3-1024x480.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy3-1024x480.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy3-460x216.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy3-768x360.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy3-250x117.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy3-150x70.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy3.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Filtre High-Pass avec r\u00e9sonnance<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-45340 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy4-1024x480.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy4-1024x480.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy4-460x216.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy4-768x360.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy4-250x117.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy4-150x70.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy4.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Filtre Band-Pass avec r\u00e9sonnance<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-45341 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy5-1024x480.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy5-1024x480.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy5-460x216.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy5-768x360.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy5-250x117.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy5-150x70.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Sy5.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 40px;\"><\/h5>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konrad_Boehmer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Konrad Boehmer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">, en 1974, \u00e0 propos de l&rsquo;avenir de de la musique \u00e9lectronique :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20737\" style=\"width: 190px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20737\" class=\"wp-image-20737\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Konrad-Boehmer.jpg\" alt=\"Konrad Boehme\" width=\"180\" height=\"136\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Konrad-Boehmer.jpg 434w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Konrad-Boehmer-198x150.jpg 198w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Konrad-Boehmer-150x113.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20737\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Konrad Boehmer<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_20738\" style=\"width: 530px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20738\" class=\"wp-image-20738\" title=\"synth\u00e8se sonore\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Manchester_baby_head_on-560x315.jpg\" alt=\"Manchester_baby_head_on\" width=\"520\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Manchester_baby_head_on-560x315.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Manchester_baby_head_on-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Manchester_baby_head_on.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Manchester_baby_head_on-250x141.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Manchester_baby_head_on-150x84.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20738\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File%3AManchester_baby_head_on.JPG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Photo By Geni<\/a><\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est sur un ordinateur de ce type que furent jou\u00e9s les premiers morceaux de musique informatis\u00e9e. Les enregistrements les plus anciens connus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faits sur un ordinateur central IBM Bell Labs aux Etats-Unis en 1957.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>\u00ab\u00a0Question difficile. Certainement pas dans les formes du concert traditionnel. Je suis absolument convaincu que la musique \u00e9lectronique doit cr\u00e9er de plus en plus son propre environnement, qu&rsquo;elle doit s&rsquo;allier avec d&rsquo;autres formes artistiques modernes comme, par exemple le film ou toute autre forme visuelle.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>La r\u00e9ussite sur le plan esth\u00e9tique d\u00e9pendra des visions que les compositeurs d\u00e9ploieront, des techniques qu&rsquo;ils inventeront pour les r\u00e9aliser et des \u00ab\u00a0coalitions\u00a0\u00bb qu&rsquo;ils chercheront sur le plan artistique.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><em>Je suis s\u00fbr que l&rsquo;\u00e9lectronique vivra de deux sources et s&rsquo;en nourrira pour garantir son avenir. La premi\u00e8re est ce que j&rsquo;appelle la source sinesth\u00e9sique: s&rsquo;allier avec d&rsquo;autres formes de production artistique. La deuxi\u00e8me est sur le plan spatial : la musique \u00e9lectroacoustique doit n\u00e9cessairement cr\u00e9er de nouveaux types d&rsquo;espaces sonores pour survivre. Donc, le concert o\u00f9 l&rsquo;on tourne une bande \u00e0 deux pistes que le public \u00e9coute par deux haut-parleurs est d&rsquo;ores-et-d\u00e9j\u00e0 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 mort\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Reste une question:<\/span><\/h5>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/l-escadrin-art-des-bruits\/#artdubruit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cliquez sur le texte pour lire la suite<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/ImagesWPannexe\/escadrinpictures\/Lartdesb1.jpg\" width=\"628\" height=\"840\" alt=\"- - -\" title=\"-\"><\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 40px;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.philippepetit.info\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-40146 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Phlippe-Petit-460x460.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"270\" height=\"270\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Phlippe-Petit-460x460.jpg 460w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Phlippe-Petit-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Phlippe-Petit-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Phlippe-Petit-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Phlippe-Petit-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Phlippe-Petit-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Phlippe-Petit-1320x1320.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Phlippe-Petit-250x250.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">En compl\u00e9ment cet historique sonore et synth\u00e9tique: <\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-40142 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/123140437-1170348943358868-4009998816983287145-n.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"360\" height=\"269\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/123140437-1170348943358868-4009998816983287145-n.jpg 360w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/123140437-1170348943358868-4009998816983287145-n-201x150.jpg 201w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/123140437-1170348943358868-4009998816983287145-n-150x112.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">le site de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.philippepetit.info\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Philippe Petit<\/a>, compositeur.<\/span><\/h5>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.philippepetit.info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.philippepetit.info<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/philippepetitamusicaltravel-agent.bandcamp.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/philippepetitamusicaltravel-agent.bandcamp.com\/<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/modulisme.info\/itatiom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/modulisme.info\/itatiom<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/modular-station.com\/modulisme\/early-electromix\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/modular-station.com\/modulisme\/early-electromix\/<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><\/div>\n<table class=\" alignleft\" style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27139 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Capture2.jpg\" alt=\"- - -\" width=\"725\" height=\"750\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Capture2.jpg 725w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Capture2-560x579.jpg 560w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Capture2-145x150.jpg 145w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Capture2-150x155.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/120years.net\/<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/120years.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cliquez sur l&rsquo;image &#8211; Click on this picture<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #000000;\">\n<div>\u00a0<a id=\"Nota\"><\/a><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #ffffff; text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"#RT\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-20902 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Plume-neg.jpeg\" alt=\"Plume neg\" width=\"107\" height=\"91\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Plume-neg.jpeg 244w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Plume-neg-177x150.jpeg 177w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2036\/06\/Plume-neg-150x127.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 107px) 100vw, 107px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Note:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Les textes en italiques sont des extraits d&rsquo;articles. Dans la mesure du possible, il existe un lien qui renvoie le lecteur \u00e0 l&rsquo;original.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Identiquement pour les photos qui ne m\u2019appartiennent pas ou qui ne sont pas encore dans le domaine public.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0\u00a0<strong><a style=\"color: #ffffff; background-color: #0000ff;\" href=\"#RT\">Retour &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 2x;\">&#8211; <span style=\"font-size: 8px;\">Sy Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore- Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; Synth\u00e8se sonore &#8211; <\/span><a id=\"com\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><\/a><\/div>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69dcf92d6ea3f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69dcf92d6ea3f\" checked \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#histoire-en-raccourci-%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%94%e2%80%93notes-techniques\" >Histoire en raccourci.\u00a0&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;Notes Techniques<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#le-denis-dor%e2%80%a6\" >Le Denis D&rsquo;or&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#le-clavecin-electrique-de-jean-baptiste-delaborde-france-1759\" >Le Clavecin \u00c9lectrique\u00a0de Jean-Baptiste Delaborde, France. 1759.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#the-musical-telegraph-en-1877\" >The Musical Telegraph\u00a0en 1877<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#le-telharmonium-en-1897\" >Le Telharmonium en 1897<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-2\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#le-%c2%ab-helmholtz-sound-synthesiser-%c2%bb-en-1905\" >Le\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Helmholtz Sound Synthesiser\u00a0\u00bb en 1905<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-3\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-4\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#lee-de-forest-laudion-invention-de-la-triode-en-1906\" >Lee De Forest\u00a0: l&rsquo;Audion invention de la Triode en 1906.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#-%e2%80%a6\" >\u00a0&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#dans-les-annees-1980-et-jusquen-2000-jai-travaille-sur-lamplification-a-tubes-electroniques%e2%80%a6\" >Dans les ann\u00e9es 1980 et jusqu&rsquo;en 2000 j&rsquo;ai travaill\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;amplification \u00e0 tubes \u00e9lectroniques&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#1915-the-audion-piano\" >1915 : The Audion Piano:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#cest-lapplication-immediate-de-la-triode-de-de-forest-avec-un-veritable-oscillateur-audio\" >C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;application imm\u00e9diate de la triode de De Forest avec un v\u00e9ritable oscillateur audio:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-5\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-6\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#1922-the-%e2%80%98theremin-or-%e2%80%98thereminvox-leon-sergeivitch-termen-russia\" >1922\u00a0The \u2018Theremin\u2019 or \u2018Thereminvox\u2019. Leon Sergeivitch Termen, Russia.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-7\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#1928-les-%e2%80%98ondes-martenot-maurice-martenot-france\" >1928 Les\u00a0\u2018Ondes-Martenot\u2019 Maurice Martenot, France<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#-1935-the-%e2%80%98hammond-organ-laurens-hammond-usa\" >\u00a01935\u00a0The \u2018Hammond Organ\u2019. Laurens Hammond, USA,\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-8\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#1940-the-%e2%80%98voder-%e2%80%98vocoder-homer-dudley-usa\" >1940\u00a0The \u2018Voder\u2019 &amp; \u2018Vocoder\u2019 Homer Dudley, USA<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-9\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-10\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#1947-invention-du-transistor-par-les-americains-john-bardeen-william-shockley-et-walter-brattain\" >1947\u00a0Invention du transistor\u00a0par les Am\u00e9ricains John Bardeen, William Shockley et Walter Brattain.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#1957-%e2%80%98music-n-max-vernon-mathews-usa\" >1957 \u00a0\u2018MUSIC N\u2019, Max Vernon Mathews, USA,<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-11\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#1963-the-%e2%80%98mellotron-and-%e2%80%98novatron-leslie-bradley-uk\" >1963 \u00a0The \u2018Mellotron\u2019 and \u2018Novatron\u2019 . Leslie Bradley, UK<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-12\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#%e2%80%a6-13\" >&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#1964-moog-synthesisers-robert-moog-usa\" >1964 Moog Synthesisers\u2019 Robert Moog. USA,\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#la-suite-%3e%3e%3e%3e\" >La suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#1979-fairlight-computer-music-instrument-peter-vogel-kim-ryrie-australia\" >1979 Fairlight Computer Music Instrument. Peter Vogel &amp; Kim Ryrie, Australia<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/#la-suite-%3e%3e%3e%3e%3e%3e\" >La suite &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/2\/#synthese-sonore-notes-techniques\" >Synth\u00e8se sonore : Notes techniques<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/2\/#la-synthese-basee-sur-des-echantillons\" >La synth\u00e8se bas\u00e9e sur des \u00e9chantillons :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/2\/#synthesizer\" >Synthesizer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/3\/#complements\" >Compl\u00e9ments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/3\/#syntheses-sonores\" >Synth\u00e8ses sonores<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/4\/#synthese-additive-synthese-fm\" >Synth\u00e8se additive \/\/ Synth\u00e8se FM<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/4\/#synthese-fm\" >Synth\u00e8se FM<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/4\/#effet-des-differents-filtres\" >Effet des diff\u00e9rents filtres<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/5\/#reste-une-question\" >Reste une question:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/5\/#cliquez-sur-le-texte-pour-lire-la-suite\" >Cliquez sur le texte pour lire la suite<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/5\/#-en-complement-cet-historique-sonore-et-synthetique\" >\u00a0En compl\u00e9ment cet historique sonore et synth\u00e9tique:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/5\/#le-site-de-philippe-petit-compositeur\" >le site de Philippe Petit, compositeur.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 26<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>\u2026 <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/synthese-sonore-histoire-raccourci\/\">Suite &#8211; Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20793,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"templates\/template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2002,1,490],"tags":[1978,1985,1986,1981,1975,1809,1983,1984,1977,1849,3143,1976,1980,1979,1987,1387],"class_list":["post-21247","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ton-son-mon-son-antimanuel-de-sonorisation","category-tous-les-articles","category-information","tag-audion","tag-fairlight","tag-grm","tag-hammond","tag-helmholtz-sound-synthesiser","tag-joseph-fourier","tag-mellotron","tag-moog","tag-musical-telegraph","tag-ondes-martenot","tag-philippe-petit","tag-telharmonium","tag-theremin","tag-tiode","tag-transistor","tag-vocoder"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21247"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51058,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21247\/revisions\/51058"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}