{"id":17984,"date":"2015-12-04T09:08:11","date_gmt":"2015-12-04T08:08:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/?page_id=17984"},"modified":"2024-04-30T07:55:48","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T05:55:48","slug":"sylvain-marechal-dictionnaire-des-athees","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/sylvain-marechal-dictionnaire-des-athees\/","title":{"rendered":"Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal Dictionnaire des Ath\u00e9es anciens et modernes"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 2<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span><div><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal Dictionnaire des Ath\u00e9es &#8211; Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal Dictionnaire des ath\u00e9es anciens et modernes &#8211; Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal Dictionnaire des ath\u00e9es anciens et modernes &#8211; Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal Dictionnaire des ath\u00e9es anciens et modernes<\/span><\/div>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 34%; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\">\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><a href=\"#com\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-15068 size-full alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ComGris.jpg\" alt=\"ComGris\" width=\"250\" height=\"20\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ComGris.jpg 250w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ComGris-150x12.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.942712%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sylvain-marechal-dictionnaire-des-athees-anciens-et-modernes\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal Dictionnaire des ath\u00e9es anciens et modernes<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(2e \u00e9dition augment\u00e9e des suppl\u00e9ments de J. Lalande, de plusieurs articles in\u00e9dits, et d&rsquo;une notice nouvelle sur Mar\u00e9chal et ses ouvrages, par J.-B.-L. Germond) par Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal. 1833.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 0.942712%;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h1 id=\"article_titre\"><span class=\"rg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-17964 size-full\" title=\"Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal Dictionnaire des Ath\u00e9es\" src=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Marechal.jpg\" alt=\"Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal Dictionnaire des Ath\u00e9es\" width=\"176\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Marechal.jpg 176w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Marechal-118x150.jpg 118w, https:\/\/frank-lovisolo.fr\/WordPress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Marechal-150x191.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 176px) 100vw, 176px\" \/><\/span><\/h1>\n<h3 id=\"article_titre\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"marechal-sylvain-1750-1803\"><\/span><span class=\"rg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/sylvain-marechal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MAR\u00c9CHAL <\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/sylvain-marechal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"pc\">SYLVAIN\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"titre_sub\">(1750-1803)<\/span><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Avocat au Parlement de Paris, Sylvain Mar\u00e9chal doit renoncer \u00e0 plaider pour des raisons de sant\u00e9 et va occuper l&#8217;emploi plus modeste de sous-biblioth\u00e9caire au coll\u00e8ge Mazarin. En 1781, il publie les fragments d&rsquo;un po\u00e8me moral sur Dieu, puis en 1784 le <em>Livre \u00e9chapp\u00e9 au D\u00e9luge<\/em>, parodie de la Bible\u00a0; enfin, en 1788, une sorte de calendrier philosophique, l&rsquo;<em>Almanach des honn\u00eates gens<\/em>, qui est br\u00fbl\u00e9 par ordre du bourreau, mais dont s&rsquo;inspirera Fabre d&rsquo;\u00c9glantine pour son calendrier r\u00e9volutionnaire. Mar\u00e9chal accueille avec enthousiasme la R\u00e9volution et inspire la politique de d\u00e9christianisation men\u00e9e par la Commune de Paris.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sous le Directoire, il publie <em>Code<\/em> puis<em> Culte et loi d&rsquo;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;hommes sans Dieu<\/em>, vision utopique d&rsquo;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sans pr\u00eatres et sans dieux.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c0 un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/atheisme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ath\u00e9isme<\/a> militant, il joint des id\u00e9es sociales qui le rapprochent de Babeuf. Son \u00e9galitarisme l&rsquo;entra\u00eene \u00e0 faire partie de la conjuration babouviste et \u00e0 r\u00e9diger le Manifeste des \u00c9gaux. Il \u00e9chappe \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression men\u00e9e par le Directoire contre Babeuf et ses complices. Fut-il un agent double introduit \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur de la conspiration\u00a0? L&rsquo;historien Georges Lefebvre le laisse entendre.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ainsi s&rsquo;expliquerait qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;ait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9 dans le proc\u00e8s de Vend\u00f4me intent\u00e9 \u00e0 Babeuf, en 1796. Son activit\u00e9 antireligieuse ne se ralentit pas pour autant. Sur l&rsquo;invitation de l&rsquo;astronome Lalande, il compose en 1800 son c\u00e9l\u00e8bre<em>Dictionnaire des ath\u00e9es anciens et modernes<\/em> o\u00f9 il fait figurer de fa\u00e7on inattendue saint Augustin, Pascal et Bossuet. Cette \u0153uvre marque le point culminant d&rsquo;un courant ath\u00e9iste o\u00f9 s&rsquo;illustrent les po\u00e8tes Parny et Desorgues ainsi que le philosophe Dupuis, auteur de l&rsquo;<em>Origine de tous les cultes<\/em>, courant dont la violence d\u00e9passe celle des derniers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/libertins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">libertins<\/a> comme Piis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Occup\u00e9 \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier le Concordat, Bonaparte fait interdire la diffusion du<em> Dictionnaire<\/em> de Mar\u00e9chal. Celui-ci meurt peu apr\u00e8s. Son fanatisme antireligieux a fait oublier qu&rsquo;il fut aussi un homme de th\u00e9\u00e2tre. Jou\u00e9 en 1793, son <em>Jugement dernier des rois<\/em> rencontra un grand succ\u00e8s.<\/p>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Jean TULARD, \u00ab\u00a0MAR\u00c9CHAL SYLVAIN &#8211; (1750-1803) \u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Encyclop\u00e6dia Universalis<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">consult\u00e9 le <span id=\"eu-date\">4 d\u00e9cembre 2015<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">URL :<a href=\"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/sylvain-marechal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <span id=\"eu-url\">http:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/sylvain-marechal\/<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: 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